Boiler room in a private house - selection of equipment, complete installation diagram

Competent design of engineering systems in full compliance with building codes and regulations not only guarantees a comfortable temperature in a private home even in the most severe winters, but also protects you from various breakdowns and incidents, including those dangerous to life and property. In addition, correct installation of cottage heating and hot water supply will save you in the future from problems with acceptances, inspections, approvals and other bureaucratic procedures. The most important component of engineering systems is the boiler room in a private house - about the selection of equipment for it and complete installation diagrams, which heating boilers to choose for a private house, you can get basic information here in this article.

Boiler room in a private house - selection of equipment, complete installation diagram

Boiler room in a private house - main types

There is no single boiler room design that is mandatory for all private houses - the size, location and parameters of the room may vary significantly. They depend on the goals and objectives set for the heating equipment, the size of the cottage that needs to be heated, the budget allocated for construction, and the personal preferences of the owner of the land. Based on location, we will highlight four types of boiler rooms in a private house. You can read the calculator for calculating the power of a gas heating boiler in our article.

1. A boiler room built into the house without a separate room. The boiler, boiler, pumps and other equipment are located in the kitchen or in the hallway. The cheapest option to install. Suitable only for small boilers - placing more powerful equipment in the kitchen or hallway will not only create serious inconvenience for residents, but is also simply unsafe.
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   Heating boiler built into kitchen furniture

2. Boiler room built into the house in a separate room. As a rule, this is a small room, decorated with non-combustible materials, inside which there is a double-circuit gas boiler, boiler, pumps, sensors and other equipment. Convenient from the point of view of maintenance and replenishment of fuel (if we are talking about a heating system that runs on solid fuel).
3. Boiler room in an extension - this option is perfect for systems that create a lot of noise, which makes it undesirable to place them in the house. But at the same time, you will have to spend some effort and, what is important, money to build an extension from non-combustible materials and in full compliance with SNiP and gas service standards in your region.
4. The boiler room is in a separate building - in this case, the “heart” of the heating system is located outside the house that it heats. Such premises are built in cases where a high-power gas heating boiler is used, placing which inside the cottage is not the best solution from the point of view of safety and building codes. Obviously, a boiler room in a separate building is the most expensive and complex option.

A heating boiler in the kitchen is a classic option for small houses in villages or the private sector of cities

Interesting! For a gas or solid fuel boiler room in a separate room of a house or an extension to it, the term “furnace” is often used.

The built-in boiler room is a separate small room located inside the cottage. Please note that the floor and walls are tiled, which is a non-flammable material

Extension to the house with a boiler and other equipment for heating and hot water supply. Has a separate entrance door

Heating equipment located in a separate boiler room building. As in the case of a built-in room in the house, the floor and walls are tiled

Selection of basic equipment for a medium-capacity gas boiler house.

The heart of any boiler room is the boiler and burner. And the choice of equipment must be approached very responsibly.

Why is it worth buying a boiler of a well-known brand, which costs significantly more than a boiler of another brand - after all, the power is the same, and the efficiency is approximately the same?

The answer to this question is simple - look at the future! A modern high-quality boiler will serve faithfully for up to 15-20 years.

Choice of boiler: water tube or fire tube.

Our opinion is definitely fire-tube, i.e. a boiler in which flue gases pass through fire tubes and water is heated in a large drum. These include the majority of imported boilers, as well as the leaders of the domestic market.

With good quality steel, welded joints and proper operation, fire tube boilers will serve for a long time without causing problems.

The peculiarity of these boilers is that they are not repairable: they cannot be “welded” like old Soviet boilers, when a fistula appears, a bundle of pipes cannot be replaced, etc.

Selection of water tube boilers, i.e. boilers in which heated water passes through thin tubes, and flue gases through a large pipe in the medium power segment are very small. Water tube boilers are cheaper and often have a higher declared efficiency.

In fact, such boilers are very sensitive to water quality and the thin tubes in them quickly become overgrown with scale deposits, while the efficiency is significantly reduced, local overheating and, accordingly, fistulas appear.

Two-pass or three-pass boiler?

TGV-Project specialists do not have a final opinion on this matter; it all depends on the context.

A two-pass boiler is a boiler in which the flue gases are turned twice before entering the chimney.

A three-pass boiler is a boiler in which the flue gases are respectively turned 3 times before entering the chimney.

The main criterion for the reliability and durability of the boiler is the thermal intensity of the firebox. This indicator is slightly better for three-pass boilers. They also have higher efficiency and, accordingly, higher prices.

The main advantage of three-pass boilers, in addition to their increased service life, is the power control range:

— for two-pass boilers 60-100% of the rated power (you can set it lower, for example 30%, but then, due to the peculiarities of the development of the torch in the furnace of such boilers, the operating conditions will be more stringent, and the service life may be significantly reduced);

- for three-pass boilers - 30-100% of the rated power.

We recommend three-pass boilers in the following cases:

— If you plan to operate the boiler room for at least 10 years;

— For roof boiler houses (the most reliable boiler should be installed on the roof boiler house, because changing a boiler on the roof will be problematic and costly);

— If you need smooth power control from minimum to maximum in a wide range (30-100%);

- If you want to have the best in life.

In other cases, it is quite justified to choose a good quality two-pass boiler.

Burner selection.

As experienced “operators” say: “The boiler is a barrel of water, the burner decides everything!” These are far from empty words, because the burner is a much more technically complex device, consisting of hundreds of small parts.

Burners are classified by type: single-stage, two-stage, smooth two-stage and modulating. They can also be gas, liquid fuel or combined.

So which burner should you choose?

First of all, you need to decide on the type of fuel:

— single fuel: gas or liquid fuel (usually diesel fuel);

— combined: gas-diesel, gas-fuel oil (a convenient option if backup fuel is needed).

The most important thing is to choose a reliable burner that has proven itself under similar operating conditions.

We recommend installing two-stage or smooth two-stage burners on medium-power two-pass boilers. Modulating burners should not be installed - due to the small range of regulation of the operation of the two-pass boiler itself, they simply will not pay for themselves.

It is still worth installing smooth two-stage or modulating burners on three-pass boilers, then it will be possible to fully use the potential of the three-pass boiler.

When choosing basic equipment, you should take into account the availability of a spare parts warehouse in your city or region, because few people would want to stop the boiler due to a minor problem and wait two weeks for spare parts at the height of the heating season.

List of equipment required for a boiler room in a private house

In addition to the room itself, the most important component of the boiler room is the equipment located in it. Not only the functionality, power and durability of the heating system, but also its safety for your health, life and property depends on its competent selection. To begin with, we present a list of equipment for a boiler room in a private house.

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Table. A boiler room for a cottage is the necessary equipment.

The following sections of the article will discuss the nuances of selection and placement rules for the most important equipment for a boiler room from the table above. “You can read the selection of an expansion tank online in our article.”

Maintenance

Preventive measures for routine inspection of gas boilers include the following types of work :

• Checking the valves of the external and internal gas pipelines (disassembling, applying lubricant).
• Inspection of thermostats on floor-standing boilers.
• Washing or replacing filter elements.
• Inspection of nozzles , checking the tightness of the door, the operation of the igniter on floor-standing devices.
• draft control
• ice build-up in winter .

All components that have been subject to wear during operation must be replaced.

On a note! After completion of the repair and before starting the heating system, the gas service worker checks the tightness of all connections in the line. Usually a soap solution is used for this.

A competent preventive inspection will not only increase the service life of the equipment in use, but will also reduce gas consumption.

Heating boiler - installation diagram

Let's start with the heating boiler - the “heart” of the heating and hot water supply system of most country houses. As an introduction, we present a classification of heater placement and connection schemes.

There are a huge number of different types of boilers

Let's start with the first - according to their location, heating boilers are divided into two types:

• wall;
• floor

As the name implies, the first type of heaters are placed directly on the wall of a residential building. In most cases, such devices also include a boiler, pump, distribution manifold, sensors and other equipment. From the user's point of view, this design is extremely convenient - everything is in one place and for one price. In addition, a wall-mounted boiler is perfectly installed in the kitchen or hallway, does not take up much space and does not require the installation of a long and complex chimney - combustion products can be removed through a short pipe placed in the wall directly behind the heater.

Wall heater and other equipment for a boiler room built into the house

Arrangement of a combustion room with a wall-mounted gas boiler. Main lines and equipment signed

Installation diagram with a wall-mounted Havien boiler

But, like any complex device, a wall-mounted boiler has its drawbacks. The first is the high complexity of the entire system - a large amount of equipment is placed in a small volume. And it has a high probability of failure, especially if installed incorrectly and improperly used. The second disadvantage of wall-mounted heating boilers is their relatively weak power. Due to its design, such a device is unable to provide the amount of heat that would be sufficient to heat a very large country cottage. But for small houses in villages or the private sector, a wall-mounted heating boiler will be just right.

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Floor-mounted devices have exactly the opposite advantages and disadvantages. They have high power, sufficient for even the largest buildings. In addition, floor heating boilers are designed for maximum reliability, even at the expense of size and quiet operation. At the same time, it is better for them to allocate a separate room, called a furnace room, or build their own boiler room. Also, floor heating boilers will require a chimney and a whole range of equipment necessary to deliver coolant to the radiators and ensure reliable operation of the entire system.

Complete installation diagram for heating and hot water supply of a private house with a floor-standing boiler

As for the circuits for connecting lines to the heater, they are classified according to the method of circulation of liquid in it (can be natural or forced). In the first case, the coolant moves in the pipes due to the difference in density and temperature. Arranging a heating system with natural circulation of water allows you to save on pumps, but the total length of the lines is limited to 30 meters.

Important! With natural circulation of coolant from the boiler to the radiators, all pipes should be installed at an angle. Some owners of country houses consider this a disadvantage - inclined highways do not look the best from an aesthetic point of view.

Scheme of a single-pipe horizontal heating system with natural circulation

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Connecting a heating system with forced circulation of coolant has exactly opposite advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages should be noted that the length of the lines does not have any restrictions, in addition, the pipes themselves can be laid in the way you consider convenient and beautiful. Also, a constant and high fluid pressure will be maintained in the system itself. But for all this it is necessary to purchase a set of pumps, which, in addition to their cost, will require electricity to operate.

Installation diagram of a boiler room and heating system with forced circulation

Another feature by which heating boiler connection diagrams are classified is the method of laying inlet and outlet pipes. According to this characteristic, heating systems are divided into single-pipe and double-pipe. In the first case, the inlet and outlet lines are represented by one pipe - the coolant from the boiler is passed sequentially through all radiators. In this case, the owner of the house will gain in the cost of the entire system, but will lose in the quality of its functioning - the batteries closest to the furnace room will be too hot, and the furthest ones, on the contrary, will be cold.

Approximate diagram of a one-pipe heating system

Important! Another problem with the standard single-pipe design is the inability to regulate the temperature in the radiators. This shortcoming is eliminated when installing a heating system according to a scheme called “Leningradka”. You can see its device in the image below.

Scheme of the Leningradka system

The two-pipe circuit for connecting the lines to the heating boiler ensures uniform distribution of the coolant over the radiators and the ability to regulate the power of each individual battery. But at the same time, the owner of a private house will have to invest more money and effort into laying utility lines during the construction or renovation stage.

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In turn, the two-pipe scheme is divided into the following subtypes:

• vertical with top wiring;
• vertical with bottom wiring;
• horizontal dead-end;
• horizontal tailwind;
• horizontal beam.

Two-pipe vertical heating schemes

Two-pipe horizontal radial distribution of the heating system from the boiler and collector is today very popular in the construction of private houses

The process of arranging a boiler room in a private house can be presented in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Heating system sketch

Step 1. On your own or in a design organization, draw up a diagram of the installation and location of the boiler, boiler, expansion tank, other equipment and lines.

Step 2. The project is approved by various inspection organizations, including the regional gas service.

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Step 3. A chimney is laid in a building or room dedicated to the boiler room.

Step 4. After the chimney, the remaining utility networks are laid - sewerage, electrical wiring, inlet and outlet lines of the heating system, gas and water supply, ventilation.

Ventilation of a boiler room in a private house

Step 5. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP and the gas service of your region, the boiler room is finished with non-combustible materials.

Step 6. The boiler, boiler and expansion tank are installed and connected.

Main elements of a heating system with a solid fuel boiler

Heating boiler prices

boiler

What is a “smart boiler”

To implement an automation scheme for a private boiler room, you need to invest additional funds. A simple thermostatic valve will cost very little, but programmable systems are many times more expensive.

Constant operation of a conventional boiler in one mode entails a large consumption of electricity and money. Therefore, the cost of purchasing an automation unit quickly pays off during operation.

Automation in a private boiler room guarantees the functioning of the heating system with maximum efficiency, which allows for comfortable conditions for residents living in the house.

By installing automation, the home owner can adjust the heating process according to his needs. Thanks to this, bills for consumed energy resources will be reduced by 2 times.

Controlling the boiler in automatic mode makes it possible to:

The most important element of the heating system is the thermostat. Its function is to regulate the temperature both in a separate room and in the entire house.

There are many types of thermostats - from simple mechanical to weather-compensated. The latter is the most technologically advanced, profitable, but also very expensive.

The heating control system consists of a temperature controller (1), an outside air temperature sensor (2), an actuator (3), a coolant temperature sensor (4), a display for connecting to an external control system (5), a circulation pump (6) , coolant supply (7), consumer circuits (8) (+)

The price of automation depends on the type of boiler used, the presence of heated floors, solar collectors, etc. In order not to spend extra money, you should analyze the features of all schemes and calculate the cost. It is quite difficult to do this yourself, but you can always turn to specialists with this problem.

Gas heating boiler - installation requirements

You may be interested in information - heating boilers for a private home

Heating boilers that produce heat by burning gas are now widespread. This is largely due to the availability and low price of fuel for them. But at the same time, such heat generators have one serious problem - if installed and used incorrectly, there is a risk of fire or even explosion. Therefore, the installation of gas heating boilers requires taking into account many fairly strict standards. Without compliance, heaters will not be accepted by the relevant organizations. Are you planning to install a gas boiler room in your cottage? Then be sure to check out this section of the article. Here we have collected the basic regulatory requirements for the installation of gas heating boilers. They are presented in three lists. The first applies to heaters installed in the kitchen or hallway, the second - for those devices that are located in a specially designated room in the house. The last list contains requirements for the boiler room as a building separate from housing.

Diagram of a wall-mounted gas boiler

Connecting wall-mounted gas boilers

You can install a gas heating boiler in the kitchen or in the hallway if the unit’s power is less than 60 kW. The requirements for its placement are as follows.

1. The height of the room where the gas boiler is located must be at least 2.5 m.
2. The minimum volume of the room is 15 m3.
3. For every cubic meter of room there should be 0.03 m2 of window.
4. Availability of natural ventilation. It means a regular window. It is acceptable (and even desirable) to have other air circulation systems, but there should always be an option in the event of a power outage.
5. The passages between the furniture and to the boiler must be at least 0.7 m wide - without complying with this requirement, servicing the boiler by residents or gas service specialists will be difficult.

   Connection diagram for gas and solid fuel boiler

6. The door to the room with a gas boiler should go either to the street or to the corridor. It is advisable that the door be treated with a fire-resistant coating.
7. The finishing of walls, ceilings and ceilings of a kitchen or corridor with a gas boiler must be made of non-flammable material - for example, tiles. If for some reason this is not possible, a screen made of fire-resistant material should be located behind the heater.
8. A floor-standing gas boiler requires a strong base made of non-flammable material and protruding 10 cm beyond the front, rear and side edges of the heater.

Gas boiler in the kitchen. Note the non-combustible material on the wall behind it

If a gas heat generator has a power of more than 60 kW, but less than 350, then it cannot be placed in the kitchen or in the hallway (and given the dimensions of all the equipment and the noise produced, it will also be uncomfortable). There is a need to arrange a furnace room - a separate room where the boiler, boiler, manifold and everything else will be located. Of course, such a boiler room for a private home must meet a set of requirements.

1. It is necessary to have natural light and ventilation - a window with a window is required.
2. The minimum volume of the room is not less than 15 m3.
3. The height of the combustion chamber is 2.5 m, no less.
4. The finishing must be made of non-combustible materials. Most often, stone and tiles are used for this.
5. The ventilation system must be of such capacity as to provide three changes of air in the room in 60 minutes.
6. It is desirable to have a separate entrance door from the street to the boiler room.
7. If a double-circuit wall-mounted gas boiler is used (how to choose), then the construction of a small base or foundation is mandatory.

   Floor standing gas boiler

Advice! Regardless of the installation location of the heating boiler, be sure to equip it with a sensor that responds to increased gas concentrations in the room.

Gas heating boiler

For boilers with a power of 350 kW or more, a separate boiler room building is required. When equipping it, be sure to pay attention to insulating the hot water pipes running from this building to the main house - this way you will reduce heat loss and save fuel and money. As for the requirements for a separate gas boiler room for a private home, they are as follows.

1. The boiler room has its own separate foundation.
2. The walls must be made of material with high combustion resistance.
3. Interior finishing of floors, walls and ceilings must be non-flammable.
4. The presence of a window and a vent is required.
5. The width of the door to the boiler room is at least 0.8 m.
6. Electrical wiring in the boiler room must be protected from ignition and sparking.
7. Under a floor-standing gas boiler, it is necessary to have a substrate with a height of 15 to 25 cm. In its length and width, it must protrude beyond the edges of the unit by at least 10 cm.
8. The requirements for the volume and height of the boiler room are the same as in the previous lists.

Basic requirements for installing a gas boiler

Calculator for calculating pressure at the required power of a gas boiler

Exact standards and regulations for placing a gas boiler room in a private house can be obtained from the regional gas service. It is also advisable, before starting the arrangement of the combustion chamber, to familiarize yourself with the documents, the indexes of which are presented in the list below.

MDS 41-2.2000. Instructions for the placement of thermal units intended for heating and hot water supply of single-family and semi-detached residential buildings. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

MDS 41-2.2000

SNiP 2.04.08-87. Gas supply. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

SNiP 2.04.08-87

SNiP 42-01-2002. Gas distribution systems. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

SNiP 42-01-2002

SP 42-101-2003. General provisions for the design and construction of gas distribution systems made of metal and polyethylene pipes. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

SP 42-101

Boiler room diagram when using solid fuel

An autonomous bunker for a solid fuel boiler does not have strict requirements for footage; the key point is to allocate a separate space, since the heat supply itself is mounted on the floor. It is unlikely that the presence of such a device in the hallway or in the kitchen will satisfy the principles of ergonomics; in addition, it contradicts the principles of safety.

Minimum conditions for operating solid fuel equipment:

• the distance from the wall to the damper is at least 1.2 - 1.5 m; to the sides – 1 m; to the rear – 0.5 m; to the cut of the tee for the rear type of connection – 50 cm;
• making room surfaces from fireproof material or plastering them, lining them with mineralite;
• supply of fresh ventilation, which can be represented by a gap between the door and the floor or a hole in the wall;
• exclusion of superstructures above the bunker.

Technological composition of a boiler room with a TT heat generator

The list of equipment for heating with solid fuel includes:

• boiler with the necessary tanks, reservoirs, etc.;
• complete safety group, three-way mixing valve, circulation pump in the piping structure of the heating device;
• a boiler heated by a TT boiler, providing housing with hot water;
• smoke exhaust pipe of effective diameter and height;
• an organized drainage complex in case of device downtime;
• weather-compensated or customizable automation;
• fire removal and fire extinguishing system.

Solid fuels include firewood, coal, and peat. For their location it is also necessary to isolate a certain area.

Solid fuel boiler and electric heating boilers - installation requirements

The second place in popularity after gas ones is occupied by boilers that burn coal, wood and pellets. The requirements for them are less stringent, but they must also be met - remember that an illiterate choice of location for the heater and improper installation can cause a fire in the house. The basic installation standards for solid fuel heating boilers are given below.

1. Natural ventilation is required. The glazing area in the room where the solid fuel boiler is located must be at least 0.0008 m2 of window per 1 kW of heater power.
2. The chimney that discharges combustion products from the boiler to the street must have the same cross-section along its entire length.
3. There must be a distance of at least 10 cm from the edges of the solid fuel boiler to the walls. The walls themselves are made of non-combustible material or protected by a sheet of steel or asbestos.

   Some tips regarding room requirements for a solid top

   Installation of electric boilers

4. If coal is used as fuel, then a dust and carbon monoxide sensor is required.
5. Before firing, solid fuel boilers must be installed on the floor, which must be protected from ignition. To do this, tiles or any other non-combustible material are laid there.
6. Passages in the room where solid fuel boilers are installed must have a width of at least 0.7 m. There must also be enough space in front of the heater firebox for maintenance, inspection and repair of the product.
7. The chimney must have a hatch for cleaning ash.
8. It is desirable to have heat-resistant insulation around the chimney pipe.
9. To store coal or pellets you need a special bunker.
10. To prevent coal dust explosions, electrical wiring protection and sealed lighting fixtures are required.

Solid fuel boiler installation example. Note the location of the device - there are large gaps between it and the walls. You can also notice screens made of non-flammable material on the floor and on one of the walls

Options for connecting to the chimney

As for the electric heater, the boiler room with it is subject to the least stringent requirements. The main thing is that the electrical wiring is designed for the power of the equipment and has fuses. In addition, the installation of a boiler powered by electricity should only be carried out by specialists with the appropriate approvals and permits.

PB 10-575-03. Rules for the design and safe operation of electric boilers and electric boiler houses. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

PB 10-575-03

Connecting an electric heating boiler to the network

Video - Boiler room in a private house of 130 square meters. m. Installation secrets

Advantages of a liquid fuel boiler

Installing an oil-fuel boiler is much easier than a gas or solid-fuel counterpart. You can place it in the house and in the yard.

The main advantage is the absence of the need for approval and obtaining permits. All that is required from the owner of the house is to provide free access for a car with fuel and regularly refuel the boiler.

If there is no gas main near the country house, you can install a unit that runs on diesel fuel in the boiler room. A double-circuit boiler will heat the house and provide residents with warm water

To obtain 10 kW of power, about 1 liter of diesel fuel is consumed, but the exact consumption depends on the quality of the fuel. In the middle zone, with a house area of ​​200 m², about 5 thousand liters of fuel will be required for the heating season. The chimney must be cleaned periodically.

To install a diesel boiler, an average of 4 m² is required. If supply ventilation is provided by air flow from other rooms of the house, then per 1 kW of boiler power there should be at least 30 cmᶾ of air. With external ventilation this figure decreases to 8 cmᶾ.

Choosing a boiler for a boiler room in a private house

It should be understood that it is undesirable to use hot water from the heating system for washing dishes, showering, and washing - its quality may not meet the standards. Therefore, if a double-circuit boiler is not equipped with a built-in boiler, the latter must be purchased separately. For private homes, a model with indirect heating is most often purchased - a sealed tank with good thermal insulation, inside of which there is a spiral tube, and through it, in turn, the coolant from the heating boiler circulates. The device heats drinking water, which is then sent to the household needs of residents of a private house.

Diagram showing the connection of the boiler to the boiler and the principle of operation

When choosing such equipment, you should pay attention to how much hot water the family living in the cottage needs, how long the boiler can prepare it, and how much of the boiler’s power will be spent on this. For two people, a device with a volume of 50-70 liters is enough, for three – 100 liters, and for a larger number of residents or with a higher level of hot water consumption, 150-200 liters will be needed. You can see how to install a boiler yourself (video) in our article.

Design of boiler houses using biofuel and biomass

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Choosing an expansion tank for a boiler room in a private house

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The expansion tank is a container in which a movable membrane is placed, dividing the internal volume into two parts - one is filled with coolant from the heating system, the second with inert gas or air. If the pressure in the lines becomes higher than normal, excess water enters the expansion tank and the membrane rises. When cooling, the reverse process is observed. It is highly desirable to use such a container for a boiler room in a private house - its presence will prevent accidents associated with excess pressure in the heating system.

Expansion tank for a boiler room in a private house

Construction of closed expansion tanks

The principle of operation of the expansion tank and its condition depending on the pressure and temperature in the heating system

The expansion tank must have a volume equal to 3-10% of the total volume of liquid circulating in the boiler, supply/discharge pipes and all radiators. This volume, in turn, can be calculated as follows: per 1 kW of heating heater power there are 13-15 liters of coolant. You can read how convector heaters are installed in our article.

Calculator for calculating the volume of an expansion tank for a heating system

As for pipes, shut-off valves and manifolds, they must be selected based on the average temperature and pressure in the lines. Moreover, all products must have a certain “reserve” for these parameters so as not to fail in the event of any malfunction of the heating system.

Components of the collector unit

Proper selection of equipment, selection of the optimal installation scheme and thorough adherence to SNiP and other documented standards are the key to long and trouble-free operation of the boiler room, as well as high-quality and efficient heating in the house where it is located.

Operating rules

For safe use of gas, the connection diagram for a gas boiler in a private house must be followed. In addition, the following conditions :

1. For starting the boiler only at normal humidity.
2. Monitoring of technical condition by gas service specialists at least once a year.
3. Installing a fine filter on the return pipe of the heating system.
4. Natural or artificial ventilation in the boiler room.
5. Compliance of draft in the chimney pipe with the requirements (10-20 m/sec).

In the event of a leak, promptly report to the emergency gas service.

Where is the best place to locate the boiler room?

If the presence of a boiler room was provided for when designing the house, then a special room is allocated for placing the equipment in the basement or on the ground floor.

If you are carrying out a major renovation of your house and decide to equip it with an autonomous heating system, you have to get out and come up with alternative solutions to the problem.

Of course, the easiest way is to install heating equipment in a separate room. In this case, the boiler room next to the house allows you to heat all the rooms, and at the same time does not pose a threat to the inhabitants of the house and their property.

It is important that there is no need to carry out any redevelopment work: hot water pipes simply run from a small building in the yard to the house, maintaining the desired temperature in all living areas. The only negative is the difficulty of installing the pipeline.

A lot of excavation work has to be done to lay the pipes and then backfill them.

In addition, if you have to visit the boiler room in bad weather, you will have to dress up, arm yourself with a raincoat or an umbrella, and not all owners like this.

If this option does not suit you, then you will probably like adding a boiler room to your house. This option is much more convenient. You can install a door connecting the house and the boiler room so that you can access the heating equipment without going outside. You will also save a lot of time and money on pipeline installation.

Pipeline diagram with boiler room

The risk of explosion or carbon monoxide poisoning is also minimal (if you follow all the necessary rules during installation and operation). That is why most owners prefer to attach a boiler room to the house rather than erect a separate building.

Types of coolants

Various types of coolants can be used as fuel for the heating system. If you decide to use natural gas, then the best decision from a safety point of view would be to move the working boiler away from the living space. But in this case, even such a device will be subject to a number of requirements that must be met.

There are the following types of remote boiler rooms:

• Stationary (they are installed in a separate building, away from a residential building).
• Roof (as a rule, located within the attic of the building).
• Block-modular (they are used as a separate mobile unit).
• Attached (located inside an extension near the house).
• Built-in (located inside the house).

To install a boiler room, it will be better if you use the services of an experienced builder who can perform the installation correctly than to do everything yourself and in such a way that then you will still need the help of a contractor, but then it will cost even more. In addition, experienced specialists recommend various options for performing the work, and this will significantly save on time and materials.

Ceiling installation

The main requirement for the top floor is that it remains light. This is required in order to ensure safety, since in the event of an explosion it is the upper part of the building that will take the brunt of the destruction. As a result, because of this, the energy will be extinguished due to the destruction of only one ceiling on top, but not by the walls.

In addition, insulation standards must be maintained. To do this, you can use heat-reflecting film, or sheathe gypsum plasterboard/kvl ceilings. The boiler room must be fire resistant, level 0.75 hours and so that the fire does not spread throughout the entire structure. To do this, you need to select the right building materials and use the treatment of parts vulnerable to fire as a safety net.

Remote monitoring and control system

Modern technologies make it possible to implement various solutions for remote control. It is very convenient to use applications from a smartphone that use wireless sensors. You can regulate the temperature of water and air in the house, even if you are at sea. To do this, you only need to have a smartphone with the Internet.

This gives you the following options:

• Zoning the house into rooms with different comfortable temperatures;
• Avoiding freezing of pipes if you are far from home and there is no opportunity to go and adjust everything that needs to be done. By the way, not all manufacturers recommend the use of antifreeze, so you need to clarify this point when purchasing.
• You can pre-heat the house before your arrival;
• Diagnose boiler room equipment and room conditions, without even having to go there;
• Program different modes for different watches. At night, for example, according to sanitary standards, it is advisable to maintain the temperature below daytime for deeper and healthier sleep.

All this together creates practically the same smart home that maintains comfortable living conditions almost without your participation.

The optimal location for a boiler room

If the owner decides to reconstruct his home, then he will be faced with the question of building a boiler room, but the previous layout does not provide for this. Because it will not be possible to place full-fledged equipment in an unsuitable room where ventilation is not provided or the chimney passes through residential premises.

Many people get out of the situation with the help of a special extension, but this solution negatively affects the exterior of the house. And the construction of a separate building is the right, but costly decision. Such a structure cannot be located close to a private house, but location at a great distance is also undesirable due to heat loss.

Place for a boiler room. Photo source: muratordom.com.ua

As for new construction, when designing, you can provide for a boiler room inside the house, based on the standards for installing boiler equipment:

• the room for boilers with a power of up to 30 kW must have a volume of 7.5 cubic meters, from 30 to 60 kW - from 13.5 cubic meters, over 60 kW - from 15 cubic meters;
• ceilings from 2.2 m high, doorway width – 800 mm;
• Natural lighting according to the norm should be 300 sq.cm. glass per 1 cubic meter volume, windows must have a ventilation sash;
• if gas equipment is used, the gas supply pipes must be metal; flexible pipelines are not allowed;
• the power supply must have a thermal protection relay; when using a gas boiler, you must use an analyzer that detects gas leaks and closes the fuel supply;
• the walls of the boiler room must have a solid structure and are finished with fire-resistant materials;
• the project must be approved by the fire inspectorate.

The choice of location for the boiler room depends on the characteristics of the equipment and financial capabilities. The need to meet the requirements for boiler room equipment is determined by safety regulations.

The best option is a free-standing boiler room, although this is associated with construction costs, connection to utility networks, etc. But the main advantage is guaranteed protection from flue gases and safety in case of accidents.

Why do you need a project for a boiler room?

Regulatory documentation for design regulates:

• room dimensions;
• placement of no more than two boilers in one room;
• use of non-combustible materials;
• window-door group;
• requirements for the installation and material of doors (outward opening, fire category);
• possibility of universal access;
• windows must contain ventilation sashes and provide natural light;
• ventilation equipment (natural or forced with exhaust). The volume of replaced air is calculated by the formula: WxDxHx3 m;
• chimney installation, if necessary;
• connection to water supply and sewerage networks;
• installation of a foundation for equipment weighing more than 200 kg.

Installing a gas boiler room, if you compare costs, will cost the most. This is a consequence of the fact that the boiler house project must be approved by the supervisory authorities.

Pipe layout diagrams: do-it-yourself home heating

Pipe layouts can be: single-pipe - the most economical option and two-pipe.

For the first design, 1 pipe is used, which is a closed loop. The system works as a result of the different densities of cold and hot water. The heated liquid has a lower density and is squeezed out by cold water. Moving along the pipe, it heats the radiators, then returns to the boiler. Each subsequent battery receives a lower water temperature.

For normal functioning and natural circulation, the diameter of the pipe and its angle of inclination are important. The maximum expansion should occur near the boiler, gradually narrowing as it moves away. The same rules apply for return. The tilt angle should be 3-5 degrees. The heating apparatus itself is located in the basement or basement.

This heating design is suitable for a one-story house and does not depend on electricity. Most often, such a system is used for solid fuels.

A two-pipe system consists of 2 main pipes. One supplies heated media to the radiator, the other returns cooled water to the boiler. Forced heat distribution is provided by a circulation pump. This system distributes heat more evenly and is used for a country house with several floors. The downside is the additional costs of consumables.

In addition to the basic attributes you will need:

• Circulation pump;
• Thermostat;
• Devices and means of process automation.

The two-pipe heating system is energy dependent. When it is turned off, the pump stops working. In winter, a prolonged absence of electricity can lead to system failure.

Selecting an energy carrier

So, in order to choose an energy carrier for a separate boiler room in a private house with your own hands, let’s look at the information on each of them.

1. The most economical option is natural gas. It has many other advantages, namely, that this energy carrier is environmentally friendly. After its combustion, a minimum of soot remains, which makes it possible to clean the boiler and chimney several times less often than if you used other types of fuel. Gas can be stored in a special container - a gas holder or connected to a gas pipeline. The last option is the most profitable, but sometimes it is very difficult to obtain permission to connect.
2. Liquid fuel is allowed to be used without obtaining permits from various organizations. When designing the site, keep in mind that it is necessary to create all the conditions for the tanker to access the fuel tanks. Systems powered by diesel fuel require annual regular cleaning of accumulated soot (in the chimney and boiler). It is equally important to buy only high-quality diesel fuel, since otherwise the boiler will begin to break down frequently, and then may even fail.
3. Solid fuel is the cheapest and most accessible type of energy carrier, but its use has some far from promising prospects. In this case, the boiler will be heated with your own hands, and firewood will need to be added constantly and manually. Adjusting the temperature will also be problematic. For example, to warm up the house, you will have to get up at night and add fuel to the firebox. The chimney and boiler also become clogged quickly, requiring frequent cleaning. Heating with solid fuel energy can be used as a backup or in cases where it is not possible to organize any other types of heating.
4. Electric boilers do not require a separate room, and you will not need to clean them yourself - such boilers are completely environmentally friendly, since there is no waste from them. Electric boilers can be powered from a three- or single-phase network. If the device power is more than 12 kW, only a three-phase network is suitable, and to connect it you will need to obtain special permission from the relevant authorities. The disadvantage of the system is high consumption, and as a consequence, the cost of electrical energy.