Do-it-yourself plaster for stoves and fireplaces: composition, technology

The stove has long been a reliable, and sometimes the only, source of heat and energy . In the modern world, it has not lost its significance: many people strive to settle outside the cities in a cozy and warm home. If it is impossible to use the services of a professional stove maker, don’t worry!

In this article we will tell you in detail how and what is the best way to bring your good old “heater” into proper shape, after which you can try yourself as a stove maker and restore your stove.

Why plaster the stove?

The materials of the Russian stove include:

• clay;
• fireproof (fireclay) brick;
• iron (doors, grates, grates).

Each has its own heating temperature, expansion, and thermal conductivity.

Yes, it is indeed possible to leave the stove unfinished, but after a short time it will lose its neat appearance along the colored seams. If the masonry was done in haste, cracks will begin to appear.

Plastering is performed to strengthen the structure, protect it from drying out, and give it a beautiful appearance.

In addition, the procedure is relevant in the following cases:

1. The oven is not laid out neatly. The mixture will help level the corners and sides.
2. The old coating began to crack and fall off.
3. To increase the strength of the walls, their thickness will increase.
4. Heat capacity improvements. The bathhouse or house will remain warm longer.
5. The seams were filled with a natural-based mixture, which is why insects settled there.
6. The interior design of the room has been changed, so the furniture needs to be decorated in the appropriate style.
7. Increases the level of fire safety. It prevents carbon monoxide and smoke from entering the house through cracks in the brickwork.

Using heat-resistant plaster is an excellent way to restore antique stoves, fireplace boxes, followed by laying ceramic tiles, marble and other decor on top.

Classification of plaster for stoves and fireplaces and requirements for it

During combustion, a significant temperature difference is formed outside and inside the product. It disappears only after it has completely cooled down.

To avoid cracks in the brickwork, purchased or homemade plaster must meet a number of conditions:

1. Be resistant to high temperatures, be heat resistant.
2. Have an elastic structure. This will simplify the application process. The mixture will not begin to crumble from drying out.
3. All components in the composition must be environmentally friendly and, when heated, safe for health.
4. Be fire-resistant, not exposed to flames, maintain working properties.
5. Adhere well to the surface.

Regardless of whether it is purchased thermal plaster or made at home, it must meet the requirements.

Ready-made factory mixtures are sold in dry form, so you need to dilute them with water in the correct ratio.

Based on the composition of the mixture, they are classified into two types.

Simple

Simple plaster is called plaster, which contains only two components: clay and sand.

Before making the solution, sand is passed through a sieve, clay through a metal mesh with small cells. This way the raw materials are clean, powdery, without any debris.

Stove makers recommend choosing fatty clay, since this way the adhesion to the surface will be much better. With increased fat content, simply increase the proportion of sand in the mixture.

Before mixing the solution, the coarse clay must be filled with water and allowed to soak as much as possible for 2–3 hours. This will make the mixture plastic, and over time the coating will not begin to burst.

Complex

A complex composition involves the combination of three or more components at the same time. There are several mixture options:

• lime, clay, sand;
• asbestos, clay, sand;
• clay, cement, asbestos, sand;
• fiberglass, sand, gypsum, lime, clay.

The basis throughout is heat-resistant clay.

It is important to maintain the correct proportions of the mixture and mix to the desired consistency, otherwise the solution will become too hard and may crack.

The composition of the purchased putty includes fireproof kaolin clay. After being fired (at a temperature of 1500 degrees), it is crushed to powder.

Preparing the room for plastering a brick oven

In fact, even a home craftsman who has no experience in similar work can properly plaster a brick oven. It is important to pay close attention to the process and use high-quality materials, then the stove will retain its presentable appearance for a long time.

Before plastering the stove, you need to prepare the room. To do this, you need to make room for work - all unnecessary items need to be removed from the room. Furniture should also be removed from the room if possible. If this cannot be done, then you need to cover it with a thick cloth. To protect windows, walls and floors from debris, dust and damage, these surfaces should be covered with polyethylene.

Warp finishing

Sometimes old age, damage or unscrupulous work of builders can cause distortions in the walls of the stove. You can fix this this way:

• focusing on the building level, set up beacons for alignment;
• heat the stove so that it is warm;
• moisten the slanting wall with a roller or brush;
• the surface is primed and left to dry;
• the first layer of plaster is applied using the “spray” method so that the mixture covers all the seams;
• after the first layer has dried, apply the second - it should protrude about 1 cm above the beacons. Start work from the bottom, leveling the rule every half meter of the layer;
• the wet solution is polished with grout;
• To level the corners, use a special corner spatula.

Application of mesh

The use of this mesh in cladding allows not only to level and hide surface defects, but also makes the plaster coating more uniform and durable. To plaster the stove, you need:

• install the mesh near the work surface at a distance of no more than 2.5 cm;
• “spray” apply the plaster and wait for it to harden;
• cover everything with the next leveling layer;
• rub out;
• decorate.

Light plaster

The need for such work usually arises if the stove has no obvious defects or distortions, but needs cosmetic repairs. Plaster it like this:

• guide elements are fixed on a previously prepared surface so that the coating is uniform;
• apply the solution from bottom to top with a wide spatula, which is immediately leveled using the rule;
• the corners of the structure are plastered with an angle spatula;
• the result is neatly erased.

Features of the problem

Why is it recommended to plaster a brick oven? In terms of increasing the reliability of the entire structure, it is necessary to note the fact that the plastered brick is protected from the direct influence of aggressive bath factors (temperature changes, moisture, steam). The brickwork itself increases the strength and tightness of the seams. The bonding material is less susceptible to cracking. 2 important reason - improved appearance. After plastering, the stove has a smooth wall surface, which gives it neatness and makes it possible to create a specific interior.

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXcpeiwD3dw

Brick oven plaster has its own specific characteristics. First of all, this is due to the high temperature on the walls during its operation. The plastered layer must withstand the following influences: prolonged heating and open flame, temperature changes, mechanical influences, smoke and steam, oil splashes during cooking. As the oven heats up, the brickwork tends to expand significantly, and therefore the plaster solution for ovens must have increased elasticity in order to withstand such loads without cracking.

One of the functions of the stove is to heat the room. This condition dictates one more requirement for stove plaster - good thermal conductivity. If additional significant energy is required to heat this layer, then the efficiency of the entire structure will significantly decrease. In addition, when heated, the material used for plaster should not release substances harmful to the human body.

About materials and tools

You need to learn how to plaster a brick stove and prepare all the necessary tools and materials in advance. You will need a set of tools, including:

• trowel or trowel;
• grater;
• hammer;
• chisel or spatula;
• wire cutters and pliers (they can be replaced with pliers);
• sprayer - it is needed to wet the surface with water (if you don’t have it, a paint brush will do);
• metal scissors and fabric scissors;
• coarse sieve - for sifting sand and / or clay;
• container for solution and separate for water;
• scoop for the plaster mixture (or its components);
• broom or vacuum cleaner.

The list of materials for plastering the stove includes the mortar itself for plastering the stove, a reinforcing mesh with 10 x 10 mm cells (you can get by with burlap), lime (or water-based paint), as well as a cement mortar (it will be needed to secure the wire, including case if we are talking about an old stove).

Reinforcing mesh with cells 10 x 10 mm

Decorative finishing

The decorative design of the stove walls is carried out in accordance with the taste preferences of the owner. An evenly plastered surface can simply be whitewashed; by the way, whitewashing is a traditional finishing method that has been used since ancient times. The whitewashed surface was often painted with imported paints, giving the room originality and emphasizing national traditions. In most cases, the ornament was selected according to local traditions.

Modern technologies and materials make it possible to create an imitation of natural stone or a uniform relief structure on the surface of the stove wall.

Quite often, craftsmen with a wide imagination decorate stoves with elements of three-dimensional designs, using various available means for this purpose. In particular, we are talking about plastic film, brushes, brushes and other materials and objects.

Creative people create relief compositions from decorative plaster, allowing them to protrude slightly beyond the stove walls. Subsequently, all this is covered with paints. Moreover, applying the coloring composition to wet decorative plaster promotes deeper penetration and increases the service life of the decorative finish.

In some cases, the dried surface is additionally painted, which allows for a brighter design.

Terracotta or ceramic tiles can be used as decorative finishing for stove walls. The additional purchase of corner finishing elements makes the installation of tiles and decoration simpler and more convenient, allowing you to obtain neat and aesthetic corners. The tiles are installed using a special cement-based adhesive composition, which is resistant to temperature changes.

Plaster solutions

Today you have the opportunity to choose between buying a ready-made dry mixture for plastering the stove or preparing the solution yourself according to proven “folk” recipes. To achieve a high-quality result, it is necessary to carefully observe the ratio of dry components and water, which must be either tap water or technical water (neither lake nor river water can be used for the solution).

Depending on the purpose of the room and its humidity, the mode of its use, the planned method of exterior finishing, as well as the climate in the region, the owner must decide how to plaster his stove.

How to prepare the “correct” solution? The classic recipe includes clay and sand. If you plan to paint the stove white, then lime can be added - it must be slaked. To increase the strength of the solution, you can add crushed asbestos or fiberglass.

The composition of the mortar for plastering the stove may vary. The table shows the main popular options:

The sand content in the solution may vary depending on the fat content of the clay that will be used. If the fat content is high, then instead of two parts of sand, it is permissible to add three or even four.

To determine the correct ratio, you need to prepare a portion of the sample solution and apply it to the surface - a small area. If, after the solution has dried, the plastered area becomes covered with cracks, this means there is not enough sand and more needs to be added. If the solution crumbles, this indicates that there is not enough clay in its composition.

Bad solution

Covering

The last layer of plaster is necessary in order to completely level the surface of the stove. The primer needs to be moistened quite generously before applying it. The solution in this case should be used even less thick than for the first two layers. The mixture should fill absolutely all cracks and irregularities remaining on the surface. The thickness of the covering layer can be from 2 to 5 mm. It is impossible to level the stove in planes with plaster. Ultimately, the total thickness of the finishing layer should be no more than 1-1.5 cm. When laying out brick stoves for your home with your own hands, this should be kept in mind. When performing this work, you should initially try to make the walls as even as possible.

Rules for preparing the solution

In order to achieve good results, close attention must be paid to the process of preparing the solution itself. In this case, it is necessary to follow a number of simple rules not only when mixing the plaster mixture, but also when preparing the components.

Clay:

• clear away debris;
• Place in water to soak for several days;
• filter the resulting slurry through a coarse sieve.

Soaking clay
Lime (work on preparing this material is carried out only outdoors):

• pour pieces of lime into a bucket (it should only be metal) - no more than half the volume of the bucket;
• fill with water (no more than 0.6 bucket volume);
• Allow the solution to cool overnight;
• drain the solution;
• pass the lime slurry through a coarse sieve.

Sand also needs to be sifted, asbestos or fiberglass must be thoroughly crushed.

Sifting sand

To prepare a high-quality solution, you need to reproduce the following sequence of actions:

1. Sifted sand is mixed into the prepared clay.
2. The remaining components of the solution (for example, fiberglass) are added.
3. The solution is thoroughly mixed. This can be done using a drill, a construction mixer, or a hammer drill with a special attachment.

A high-quality solution should not contain solid particles or lumps; it looks homogeneous and plastic.

Ready-made solution for plastering the stove

There are a number of nuances associated with storage and use periods, depending on what solution it was decided to use:

If gypsum was used as a base, such a solution hardens very quickly. It must be prepared in small portions, which should be immediately applied to the stove;

The prepared solution with a cement base should be used within an hour after it has been diluted with water;

The clay-based mixture can be prepared in advance. It can be stored for a long time if the container is sealed.

What do you need to consider when starting plastering and finishing?

When plastering a stove, you need to take into account some points that may affect the quality of the work performed.

You cannot apply plaster to a newly erected stove structure. A “fresh” stove should not only be well dried, but also go through the stages of shrinkage. To do this, it is used for two to three months, and only after this period can finishing work begin.

To paint a plastered surface, only water-based paints can be used. Other coloring compounds containing drying oil or organic solvents will release harmful substances and unpleasant odors into living spaces when the stove is fired.

For all plastering and decorative work on the stove, it is recommended to use natural-based materials, without any synthetic additives that are harmful to human health.

It should be noted that all the methods discussed in the article are not as easy to implement as they seem at first glance. Therefore, if you have a complete lack of experience in this work, you should not take risks and translate quite, sometimes, expensive materials. It is better to entrust these important activities to real professionals who know first-hand the secrets of masonry and subsequent finishing of the stove.

Types of tile layout can be different:

1. Vertical seams match. This layout is for tiles of the same size. If rectangular tiles are installed, then the layout can be both vertical and horizontal, while you can lay out colored contrasting zones and insert panels - it looks linear and neat
2. Bandaging, or displacement along vertical seams. Used in geometrically complex areas so that trimmed fragments are not noticeable
3. Diagonally. Artistic and complex layout, allowing for rare designs. Very original, but you will need about 10-15% more tiles, a lot of trimming and waste
4. Tiles of different sizes are laid out in checkers, carpets, highlighting fragments and contrasting zones, panels and decorative elements are possible

Ready mixes

Plaster can withstand high temperatures for a long time, does not crack or crumble.
The building materials market is filled with various types of fire-resistant products that allow you to plaster stoves yourself. The most popular, well-deservedly recognized, are the heat-resistant compositions “Fireproof”, “Terracotta”, “Pechnik”.

“Fireproof” mixture, available in three modifications:

• smooth plaster;
• simulated mixture;
• composition for tiled surfaces.

When using a modeled variety, it is possible to obtain a textured surface onto which any pattern can be easily applied. The smooth composition is ideal for painting most stoves.

“Terracotta” is another dry mixture, which includes clay and fine fireclay sand with fireproof additives. The solution is intended for treating surfaces made of ceramic and fireclay bricks and can withstand heating temperatures up to 200 ºC.

The composition called “Kilnmaker” includes lime and sand, as well as gypsum, cement, asbestos and clay.

Plastering a brick oven with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

Before you begin finishing work on lining the stove with plaster, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:

Plastering tools

• Medium spatula - for scooping up the solution.
• Wide spatula - for spreading the plaster over the surface.
• A hammer will be needed to reinforce the wall.
• A grater helps distribute the solution and smooth the surface.
• Chisel.
• Smoothing - allows you to bring the surface to a perfectly smooth coating.
• Brush – will help give the surface a textured pattern.
• Corner aligner.
• Metal brush for cleaning the surface.
• Construction rule.
• Construction level and plumb line.

Step 1. Preparatory work

It is recommended to carry out the work of plastering the stove no less than 2-3 weeks after the complete completion of the stove laying. It should dry well and the masonry mortar should completely harden. If you rush and start facing work ahead of time, then after 2-3 lightings of the stove cracks may appear on the decorative layer.

To apply the solution evenly, it is necessary to carefully prepare the oven wall.

• Prepare the workplace for construction work. It is advisable to cover all furniture and the floor with film, since in the process of cleaning the surface of the walls a lot of dust is generated.

  Removing the old coating

• If you decide to renew the cladding on an old stove or fireplace, you must first clean the surface of the old layer. For this step, use a chisel and hammer. If you are covering the stove with plaster for the first time, you need to brush the surface well, as mortar may remain on the walls.
• After you have completely removed the top old layer of plaster, clean the surface well from dust and dirt using a wire brush and a rag.

Advice. To clean the walls, use only a dry cloth, as a wet one may leave dirty stains that will appear through the layer of plaster.

• Now we begin to deepen the seams. Using a brush and trowel, clean the dry mortar from the seams.

  Deepening the seams

• If, after cleaning the surface from the old layer of cladding, you see that the wall is not level, then you will have to apply plaster in several layers. To do this, you need to stretch a metal mesh with 15*20 mm cells onto the wall. Attach the mesh to the wall using wide-brim nails, which must be inserted between the seams. The reinforcing mesh will allow the plaster to adhere well, and a thick layer of cladding will only increase heat output.
• If the corners are not straight, you can attach the steel corners with glue.
• Prime the seams with a brush.

Step 2. Preparing the mixture

You can choose any mixture for plastering the stove: ready-made store-bought or do it yourself.

To prepare the solution with your own hands, combine the required amount of dry ingredients in a bucket and only then add water. Using a construction mixer, you need to knead the solution well.

How to prepare lime mortar?

• If you use a clay-lime mortar, the lime must first be slaked.

To do this, pour lump lime into a metal bucket and fill it with water. Do all work outside. After a day, drain the cooled solution, and pass the slurry, which has settled as sediment at the bottom, through a wide sieve to remove all undissolved lumps.

Preparation of the solution

• Soak the clay in water for 4-5 days. After it turns into a paste, you need to pass it through a wide sieve to filter out all the lumps and excess debris.
• Add 0.2 parts of asbestos or fiberglass.
• Thoroughly knead the mixture with a construction mixer or a drill with an attachment. The consistency of the solution should be plastic, without lumps and resemble sour cream.

Step 3. Plaster application process

There are two ways to plaster the surface of the stove. It all depends on the condition of the walls.

First way

• If the walls are not level and a reinforcing mesh is installed on them, it is necessary to attach guide beacons that will serve as a guide for the correct application of the solution. We set the beacons to the building level and check their verticality with a plumb line.

  Plastering on beacons

• Heat the stove well and wait until the fuel burns out completely.
• Apply water to the hot surface of the walls with a large brush. You can use a roller for this. This will remove any remaining dust.
• Apply the primer and wait until it sets well. If you skip this step, there will be poor adhesion between the wall and the plaster, which can lead to peeling in the future.
• Apply the first layer of plaster 5 mm thick. We apply it in sketches, as if spraying it all over the wall. The task of this stage of work is the deep penetration of the mortar into the seams between the bricks, which were previously buried.
• Let the solution dry thoroughly.

  Application technique

• Now carefully apply the second layer of solution. At the same time, we make sure that it extends 9-10 mm beyond the beacons. Movements should be made from bottom to top. Immediately level the mortar using construction rules.
• Slowly move along the entire wall, applying plaster from the bottom of the wall to the top and leveling it with the rule.
• When it comes to the corners, use a corner spatula.

  You can stick a metal profile on the corners

  It's better to round the corners a little. Firstly, this will ensure the safety of the residents of the house, especially children. And secondly, there is less chance of the corner chipping during operation.

• Now you need to sand the surface of the wall while it is still wet and yielding.

Advice. To prevent cracks from appearing on the walls during operation of the stove, throw damp burlap over them. Once the fabric is dry, wet it again and throw it over the wall again until completely dry.

• The third layer will be decorative. For this you need to prepare a more liquid solution. If you still have a lot of ready-made solution left, add a little water to it. It will help to perfectly level the entire surface of the wall and sand it.
• The plaster is applied in a thin layer of 1 mm. If you do not plan to whitewash the stove or coat the paint, then you don’t have to apply this last layer.

Second way

This option should be used if the surface of the walls is very uneven and you had to attach a metal mesh to the stove.

Reinforcement

• In exactly the same way as in the first method, the first layer of plaster is applied using the “spray” method from top to bottom.
• In places where there are large depressions in the stove, you need to apply plaster until it goes beyond the mesh. The metal frame will add rigidity to the structure and will not allow the plaster to move out.
• After applying this first layer, you will notice that the mesh can no longer move. Now apply a second layer of plaster on top of it.
• Using a rule and a trowel, level the wall.
• We rub the seams.

  Grinding

• Surface grinding.

Step 4. Decorative work

Of course, plaster itself can act as a facing material, but to make it more decorative, the stove can be decorated.

To do this, you can use elements of ceramic tiles, laying them out as an ornament, or you can whitewash a plastered wall.

Decorating a plastered stove

An excellent way to beautifully decorate a wall is to apply a design to a plastered surface. It all depends on creativity and skill.

For this part of the work you will need a brush and plastic film.

Apply a thin layer of liquid plaster.

Drawing using polyethylene

Using polyethylene rolled into a ball or a paper ball, we make a drawing in any shape, slightly pressing the shape into the layer. We are waiting for it to dry completely.

To make it easier for you to master facing the furnace using plaster, we suggest watching a training video before starting work.

General rules for carrying out work

Before directly plastering the stove onto the work surface, the following work must be completed.

• The plaster must be stirred to achieve a homogeneous mass and the consistency of thick sour cream.

It is important to remove all contaminants from the working surface of the stove (dust, remnants of the previous plaster that were used when laying the stove). To improve the “grip of the mortar”, you need to clear the masonry seams to a depth of about fifty millimeters

Before application, it is important to heat the oven a little in order to achieve 20–25 degrees of heat; On warm walls, the plaster will lie more evenly, and an excellent level of quality will be achieved.

After all the preparatory procedures, you need to proceed to the main part:

• Additional surface cleaning.
• Treatment of cracks.
• Surface primer.
• Installation of reinforcing mesh.
• Plastering the stove

How to cover up cracks?

You can cover the stove with a purchased mixture or a solution you prepare yourself. Further about the features of the options.

Sand-clay mixture

Putty made of clay and sand is the most accessible and inexpensive option. Scheme for preparing the mixture:

• you need to take clay and fill it with water in a ratio of 1:3; after this you need to leave the mixture for at least a day;
• The clay should be thoroughly mixed, adding liquid from time to time; after kneading, strain with a fine-mesh sieve and tincture again (several hours);
• after the next infusion, you need to drain the water and make sure that the mass has a creamy consistency;
• you need to mix clay and sand - first in equal proportions.

Readiness is determined using an object used to mix the solution. If too much clay sticks to it, add a little sand. As a result, the ratio of components can be from 1:1 to 1:2.5. The composition can be considered ready when a small amount of the viscous component remains on the stick.

This recipe is approximate as clays can vary greatly. It is best to rely not on a stick with stuck clay, but on the result of experiments. Experienced craftsmen make grout with different compositions. After this, several different types of cakes are dried in a place free from sun and wind. Those pieces that are not cracked are dropped from a meter height. “Surviving” flatbreads demonstrate the optimal ratio of components.

Fireclay putty

Bag of fireclay clay

A slightly more expensive, but also more effective option. Fireclay clay is very heat-resistant and durable. Most often, fireclay is used for stove repairs. The material is sold by construction stores. Before sealing the structure, purchased clay is infused in water for a couple of days.

Oven adhesive

If you need the best option, use a special mixture for ovens. The solution consists of fire-resistant cement and fireclay powder. There are two main types of glue you can buy in supermarkets - viscous and hard. If you are looking for something to cover up small cracks on the stove, purchase the first type. Solid mixtures are used for plastering.

The main advantage of factory materials is the optimal ratio of components and very thorough mixing. It is impossible to achieve such quality at home. In addition, there is no need to waste time preparing grout. Another advantage of ready-made compositions is quick setting.

An alternative option is oven grout.

Factory solutions are good for everyone, except for the price. There is another opportunity to save money - use putty prepared according to the following recipe:

• the clay is broken into small lumps and infused in water for about 12 hours;
• sand is added to the mixture of water and clay, after which the components are thoroughly mixed;
• during the mixing process, crushed straw is added to the composition from time to time, which reinforces the solution;
• After the mixture becomes homogeneous, salt is added to it (about a pack).

The ratio of sand and clay is 1:4. You need about 10-15 kg of straw per bucket of clay. It is easy to see that this is a modified version of the sand-clay mixture described above.

Algorithm of actions when applying plaster

Good finishing of furnace equipment is within the power of inexperienced craftsmen. It is important to understand the process and use quality products. Then the stove structure will retain its original appearance for a long time.

Required Tools

You should figure out how to plaster a stove and prepare all the required tools and raw materials in advance.

For the workflow you need to acquire:

• trowel, trowel;
• grater;
• hammer;
• spatula, chisel;
• pliers;
• spray bottle for wetting walls;
• scissors for cutting fabric, metal;
• a coarse type of sieve to sift raw materials;
• container for material, liquid;
• scoop for composition;
• with a broom.

The list of tools also includes finishing for the furnace structure, reinforcing mesh with 10x10 mm cells, lime, and cement raw materials.

Mixing mortar and do-it-yourself beacons

There are different types of plasters for mixing yourself, which can be used to plaster the walls of furnace equipment.

1. Made from clay.
2. Made from fireclay clay.
3. With the introduction of cement.

To mix a clay solution, the raw material is initially soaked in warm water until it swells. No stirring is required; straining before adding sand is enough. The material is prepared from 1 part clay and 2-2.5 measures of sand. The readiness of the mixture is determined by the appearance of clots that stick to the stick. An increase in adhesive properties and surface hardening are achieved by introducing 10% asbestos and fiberglass into the composition.

The ready-made clay mortar for plastering the stove has the following features:

• easy to apply;
• has great flexibility;
• the material is endowed with high strength when dry.

Fireclay clay (kaloin) is a cracking raw material, since fireclay loses its elasticity when exposed to elevated temperatures. Elimination of the defect is carried out by introducing quartz sand into the composition - a special adhesive with fiberglass crumbs for strengthening.

There are different recipes for preparing a mixture of fireclay clay.

1. Fireclay clay 1 part + 2-4 measures of fireclay sand, crushed stone.
2. Fireclay clay 1 part + 3-5 measures of quartz sand.

The volume of liquid is taken according to the instructions from the fireclay manufacturer. After mixing all the ingredients, the container is closed to prevent excessive evaporation of the liquid and left for 3 days. The paste is then mixed and can be used.

Using a clay mixture, it is possible to mix a cement composition for furnace equipment. Clay with sand and cement are taken in a ratio of 1:2:1. The main volume of the solution is combined in small volumes, determined by the speed of drying of the plastic composition. After an hour, this mixture will harden and will be unusable. No need to skimp on strength. Cement grade 400 or more is used as the base.

Beacons for plastering are taken at a lower height relative to the size of the ground cover. They are pressed into the stamps. The ridge of the beacon should become level with the flat tops of the marks. The set marks are smeared on the sides with a spatula. Beacons are placed one by one, up to 3 pieces.

Stripping and pinning

Finishing of new furnace equipment is permitted no earlier than 30 days after installation. During this period, the stove will dry completely and the shrinkage procedure of the building will end.

Before the plastering procedure, the external walls are cleaned of remaining material using a spatula or chisel. Sandpaper is used to smooth out minor irregularities. Dust is removed with a dry cloth.

The seam areas are deepened to 10 mm to improve the adhesion of the masonry to the material. The pinning and chipping is carried out by making blows using the blade of a hatchet. The holes are made up to 3 mm deep, with an interval of 2-3 cm. Then the walls of the stove are cleaned of dust with a stiff brush.

Before plastering begins, the oven is heated well, then cooled halfway and immediately moistened. To moisten the surface, use a spray bottle with liquid or liquid lime milk.

It is recommended to cover a brick or stone wall with a reinforcing mesh, which will increase the strength of the plaster coating, impart adhesion, and prevent the appearance of cracks. The mesh is necessary if the plans later cover the structure with tiles.

Applying plaster

The finishing procedure is carried out in stages, during each stage 1 layer of the composition is applied.

1. Spray - is a primary thin coating, involves throwing without leveling. The spray mixture is diluted with liquid to thick sour cream. The purpose of the coating is to fill uneven areas and prepare the walls for the main coatings.
2. Soil is the second coating. Place it after the spray has adhered, not allowing it to dry out. The thick composition is placed on the plane with a trowel and leveled with a grater. The soil is applied at a thickness of 3-4 mm.
3. The final stage is the application of a small layer of very liquid plaster composition. The thin composition eliminates defects. The last layer, the covering, is placed in a thickness of no more than 2 mm.

The covering is replaced using decorative plastering as painting or cladding. Then the finishing coating involves the use of compounds made of stone, terrazite, lime and sand with the introduction of heat-resistant pigments.

Expert advice on repairs

The stages of finishing the stove wall are identical for any selected mass. The differences are insignificant, but they are taken into account during the plastering process.

So the composition with the introduction of gypsum will dry 2 times faster than with cement. The use of fireclay clay in bulk is well suited for laying on bricks of the same composition, since the thermal conductivity is the same.

The plastered structure must dry without using auxiliary means.

More than one master will not answer how best to finish a stove building. Each stove maker has his own secrets and components of solutions for plastering brick surfaces. You can knead a clay and sand mixture and buy a ready-made mass. It is important to correctly connect and apply the material to the walls of the heated structure.

Conclusion

Do-it-yourself plastering of the oven walls is completed. It is important to follow all the necessary tips so that the stove lasts a long time and we can enjoy warm, cozy evenings in which it warms us with its warmth.

I would especially like to draw your attention to the fact that you cannot apply plaster if we have just completed the brickwork of the stove. The oven must dry and undergo a shrinkage process. And this requires enough time, 2-3 months of regular use.

Sources

• https://strbani.ru/kak-oshtukaturit-pech/
• https://kirpichguru.ru/pechi-i-kaminy/shtukaturka-pechi-iz-kirpicha.html
• https://stroyremont.info/otdelka/chistovaya-otdelka/kak-oshtukaturit-pech.html
• https://otoplenie-expert.com/kirpichnye-pechi/kak-oshtukaturit-pech-chtoby-ne-treskalas.html
• https://StrojDvor.ru/otoplenie/kakim-rastvorom-shtukaturit-pech-chtoby-ne-treskalas/
• https://kamin-expert.ru/otopitelnaya/shtukaturka-pechi-iz-kirpicha.html
• https://samstroy.com/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2% D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1 %8B-%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85-%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B0/
• https://pechnoy.guru/pechi/izgotovlenie-pechi/materialy/shtukaturka/kak-oshtukaturit-pech.html
• https://strir.ru/vnutren-otdelka/shtukaturka/pechi

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