We insulate the dacha. How to turn a country house into a cottage for winter living? on the Nedvio website

Only a true housewife and owner can preserve the warmth of the family hearth - this requires patience, experience, dexterity and love for your home. As for physical heat, it all depends on the materials chosen, a well-thought-out heating system and thermal insulation of the house.

Properly designed communications and installation of thermal insulation will provide the dacha with protection from cold winds and frosts in winter, giving a comfortable atmosphere in the rooms. In addition, good thermal insulation of the cottage will help you save on heating and electricity bills.

If you have seriously decided to extend your dacha season into the winter months, don’t hesitate - insulate your dacha! In order to do this as quickly as possible and with your own hands, there are several simple techniques. These secrets will help you relax in warmth and comfort at your dacha all year round.

However, we note that there are two difficulties in this matter. First, it is important to choose the right materials. Secondly, it is important to check everything before the cold weather sets in. We will talk about these and other nuances in this article.

Mineral wool

In the manufacture of this heat insulator, rocks of the basalt group are used as the main raw material.
This is precisely why this type of insulation is often called basalt wool. In addition to these raw materials, blast furnace slag is often used to produce the material. You can compare mineral wool with such a well-known material as asbestos. But unlike it, mineral wool slabs are harmless to human health. Currently, this material is one of the most popular on the market. Its demand was largely due to its high thermal insulation properties and high coefficient of moisture protection. Note that the material is characterized by excellent thermal insulation properties, but in the case of mineral wool they have dual characteristics. Firstly, this insulation is used to protect against cold penetration into the room.

Secondly, it provides thermal protection, that is, when the need arises to retain heat. For example, when performing work on insulating boilers and pipelines, where heat loss needs to be minimized, it is often used.

This use of this material was made possible due to the fact that it can withstand temperatures up to + 800 degrees Celsius. Mineral wool melts, but does not support the combustion process. This is also possible with

History of dacha construction in Russia

The first wooden buildings for living in summer and autumn appeared at the turn of the eighteenth century. One of them was the hunting lodge of Peter the Great in the suburbs of what was then St. Petersburg, which was promoted by the creators of the national film about midshipmen. Today there is a museum of the same name here, and in the 18th century banquets and evenings were held here after a successful hunt for hares, wild geese, ducks and foxes.

Later, Tsar Peter issued a decree obliging his loyal subjects to own a suburban estate with an adjacent, landscaped plot of land. Another half century later, log buildings became part of the mandatory estates of landowners, as well as peasants with earnings above the average minimum. They lived in them all year round, raised chickens, ran a household and made money by selling dairy products.

In modern Russia, during the turbulent 1990s, citizens were allocated 6 acres. The tiny piece of land almost instantly became a household name and today, when mentioned in conversations between people, it evokes a storm of diverse emotions. Why? Because six hundred square meters is a small area, to put it mildly. Large-scale construction cannot be carried out on it. The maximum is to build a “house” with one or two rooms.

What were country houses built from?

Despite the restrictions voiced in the above paragraph, the Russians built different houses from small one-story buildings to three-story buildings with a usable attic. Taking into account the trend of domestic housing construction in the nineties, today in the Moscow region you can find country houses converted into cottages and villas. Unfortunately, not all structures of that time were built and insulated correctly.

For two reasons, which we briefly mentioned a little higher, modern dachas are, most often, cold, summer houses, unsuitable for living in the winter months. Heat escapes through uninsulated walls, where, if you do research, there are from 10 to 30 cold bridges. The floors and roof also take useful energy and transfer it outside the home, heating the outdoor space.

How were country houses insulated 20 years ago?

The nineties in Russia are famous for the widespread shortage of everything, from food to building materials. At that time, the only thermal insulation product was polystyrene foam. It was impossible to obtain polyurethane foam. Vapor barrier materials like the three-layer super diffusion membrane “Izospan AM” were replaced with whatever they could, and this, mind you, without any exaggeration or manipulation of facts. An example of this is the paragraph below.

Some “craftsmen” paved the space between the walls with unnecessary rags and old things (coats, jackets). Pillows, mattresses, and wall hangings were used. People originally from the USSR, as well as the Commonwealth of Independent States, took advantage of the gifts of nature. Multi-ton layers of snow were not thrown off the roof in order to somehow accumulate heat. And in order not to be an unfounded author, I will give the promised example from practice.

Milk cartons instead of vapor barrier

We often travel to the Moscow region, where we assemble houses from double timber, insulate floors, walls, and roofs with ecowool using thermal frame technology. Every time we come to a construction site, we never cease to be amazed at how the work was carried out before us. What we just didn’t find. They even thought about opening a museum in the image and likeness of the famous TV show with Leonid Yakubovich. But let’s not go deep into lyrical digressions and get to the point.

Last week we found used packages of fermented milk products in the walls. After analyzing the find, we came to the conclusion that the owner of this building was either the director or deputy of a livestock factory or a milk production plant. Logically, he either wrote off or, simply put, stole a ton of other tetra-packs for future use at a construction site outside the city.

Naturally, foil cellophane did not replace the vapor-permeable membrane. A fungal coating formed in the space between the homemade insulated floors. Later, mold formed there, which first provoked an unpleasant odor, then rot and other problems associated with it. For obvious reasons, it was easier to get rid of the building than to convert it into good, quality housing.

The further fate of country houses from the dashing 90s

Not wanting to “mess around” (that’s right) with a foul-smelling building on six acres, the vast majority of homeowners did the following. The structures were repaired hastily. We carried out light disinfection, removed excess odors, changed wallpaper, and in rare cases updated the floors. Once brought into marketable condition, the dacha quickly went under the hammer and was just as quickly resold.

If you dig deeper and delve into the archives of the technical documentation bureau, you will find more than a dozen cases of re-implementation of a suburban building. The number of owners who owned a dacha was estimated at hundreds of people by the time the millennium arrived. But, fortunately, the unstable times for Russia are over and now we are seeing a completely different trend in private housing construction.

Characteristics of materials for insulation

Scheme of wall insulation with penofol.
The main characteristics are:

1. Efficiency - good thermal protection ability.
2. Lightweight, especially when assembling insulation under drywall. It also reduces the cost of transportation and facilitates the process of working with it.
3. Good vapor permeability. Required for good removal of water vapor outside the building. A powerful hood should be installed in the room.
4. Good adhesion to materials used for finishing walls inside the house after the insulation system has been assembled.
5. Environmental friendliness. It is advisable to use materials with the least strong fumes of thermal insulation ingredients harmful to humans.
6. Vitality. The insulation used for walls must last at least 10 years without destruction.

General arrangement of external insulation of a wooden house

Two-story wooden house

From the point of view of ensuring high-quality thermal insulation and preventing the appearance of dampness/condensation on the wall and in the insulation, the most preferable way to protect a house from the cold is to install a ventilated facade. Regardless of the material used, the design is a “layer cake” consisting of the following elements:

• load-bearing wall of a house made of timber or logs;
• frame for insulation, created from timber or metal profiles;
• a layer of thermal insulation material and fasteners for it;
• windproof membrane film or windproof board;
• lathing for external finishing;
• exterior decoration of the house.

At the same time, a ventilation gap is formed between the insulation and the external finishing of the wooden house due to the sheathing, which ensures effective drainage and reduces the risk of condensation and dampness.

Insulation of a wall made of wooden beams. In the figure you can see all the elements of the ventilated facade - insulation, frame for it, windproof membrane, lathing for finishing and the cladding itself, represented by clapboard

Important! Separately, it is worth paying attention to such an issue as the presence of a vapor barrier film between the wooden wall and the insulation. This film has been the subject of controversy for quite some time. Some craftsmen argue that a vapor barrier between the wall and the insulation is necessary, otherwise the thermal insulation material will quickly become damp due to moisture coming from the house. Others are of the opposite opinion and say that the vapor barrier will disrupt the removal of moisture from the walls of the house, condensation will appear between it and the insulation, and then mold. Taking into account both of these opinions, we can say that it is possible to install a film to protect thermal insulation material from dampness, but only if there is good ventilation in the house and a gap between the vapor barrier and the wooden wall.

Scheme for insulating a wooden house using a vapor barrier film. You may notice that there is a small gap between it and the wall.

Various methods of attaching insulation to a log wall: a) – roll insulation, fixed using slats; b) – single-layer thermal insulation, fixed to a frame made of timber; c) two-layer thermal insulation fixed on a double sheathing; d) two-layer thermal insulation, fixed to the frame with brackets

Fastening thermal insulation to metal brackets and disc dowels

Prices for dowels for insulation

Dowel umbrella

You can familiarize yourself with the materials used to insulate a wooden house from the outside from the table below and in subsequent sections of the article.

Table. Insulation of a wooden house from the outside - basic materials.

Requirements for materials for insulating walls inside a country house

low thermal conductivity, so that heat remains inside and cold does not penetrate outside; durability, so that over time the wall insulation does not lose its qualities; low level of flammability, so that in the event of a fire, such as electrical wiring, the material prevents the spread of flame; low level of shrinkage so that the material does not deform during operation, does not lose its thermal insulating properties and does not settle; water resistance - resistance to moisture and the ability to repel it; environmental friendliness - does not emit toxic substances that are harmful to health; vapor permeability - the material must be “breathable”

This will contribute to a good microclimate in the house; The attitude of rodents to the insulation should also be taken into account in order to provide for the fight against them. compactness - if you have a small house, it is important to choose a material that will not take up a lot of space.

Criteria for choosing insulation for walls

Any material used in the construction or decoration of residential buildings must meet sanitary requirements and comply with safety regulations. Insulating material should be selected according to the same principles.

Insulation materials used for thermal insulation of residential premises must meet a number of requirements

The main criteria for evaluating thermal insulation materials are as follows:

• Environmental safety of insulation. The material under specified operating conditions (within the specified temperature range) should not emit harmful fumes.
• Fire resistance. A very important condition especially for light country houses, which can be heated by stoves in cold weather. The material must be non-flammable (NG), or have the lowest flammability category (G1).
• Energy saving . The insulation, of course, must have low thermal conductivity.
• Soundproofing qualities of the material . Perhaps such a property may not seem so important for dacha conditions, however, this would be a misconception. Sometimes, even outside the city, a property may be surrounded by not-so-quiet neighbors who play music at maximum volume at any time of the day. At dachas, motorized agricultural or gardening equipment is often used. There may be a busy highway or railway line nearby. Therefore, it would also be useful to take into account this quality of the insulating material.
• Vapor permeability of insulation . This quality is necessary so that all fumes that invariably arise and accumulate in the premises of the house are not retained inside the thermal insulation layer, but are freely released into the atmosphere. Otherwise, the insulation will sharply lose its thermal insulation qualities, and in addition, sooner or later mold will appear in it, which will spread along the walls, and then into the structure of the material from which they are built.
• Durability of the material . In order not to replace the insulation every 4-5 years due to the fact that it simply will not perform the stated functions, it would be wise to immediately choose material from a trusted manufacturer who values ​​​​its reputation and will not deceive its buyer.
• Strength of insulation material. We are talking, rather, not about rigidity (not all insulation materials have this property), but about the ability to hold a given shape, since it is subject to various loads during operation - static, dynamic, vibration, etc.
• Biological and chemical stability. The material should not decompose over time, be subject to rotting or chemical decay. Another quality that is desirable for insulation materials used to insulate country houses, both inside and outside - they should not be a favorable environment for insects and rodents.

Diagram showing the difference in the thermal conductivity of different materials: layer thickness with equal thermal resistance values

• In addition, in order to achieve the desired effect, you need to choose insulation that is ideal for the material from which the house is built - there are some incompatibilities in this matter. Moreover, the thickness of the insulation is also selected taking into account the thickness and material of the external walls.

Polystyrene foam or mineral wool

These two insulation materials for house walls have common advantages, but there are also differences. We will provide a comparative analysis of them below.

Styrofoam

Many people who decide to use this material for insulation will naturally have a question about what this insulation for the walls of the house is made of. It is worth saying that polystyrene granules are the main raw material for its production.

There are several stages in the foam production process:

• heat;
• thermal swelling;
• formation.

The final stage of production involves shaping the final product. Also at this stage, the insulation acquires a final density, which will affect the thickness of the panels. Among all the characteristics of a material, thickness is the most important indicator. It affects:

• quality of thermal insulation work;
• cost of insulation;
• house room dimensions.

However, the main role belongs to air bubbles. Their formation occurs inside polystyrene granules during the production of insulation. They are important because:

• isolated from each other;
• It is air that is the strongest heat insulator.

These two reasons determine that foam plastic is currently a material with high vapor permeability and moisture protection.

Thanks to these characteristics, such wall insulation is popular among apartment and house owners. But it is superior to other thermal insulation materials not in this, but in something completely different - weight. He is small. You should know that polystyrene foam is a material that is 98% pure air.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is a type of foam.
During the production process, it is subjected to a procedure such as melting with extrusion. When polystyrene granules pass this stage, the material changes its properties. To be more precise, only one property changes - it acquires increased elasticity. Those people who have had to deal with this material in their lives will confirm that it is quite fragile. The thing is that polystyrene balls are easily separated from each other. The melting process creates strong bonds between the balls. If we compare in terms of cost between polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam, the latter turns out to be more expensive. However, using it for external insulation of a room, it is possible to ensure high thermal insulation characteristics and reduce heating costs. Often this insulation for walls inside the house is used for floor insulation due to its strength characteristics. Note that this material is used extremely rarely for external wall insulation work.

Areas of application of foam plastic

This material can be used for thermal insulation of a wide variety of surfaces. It is suitable for insulation:

• gender;
• walls;
• roofs.

However, with external insulation, each surface has its own nuances of performing the work that you need to know about. For example, all experts say that foam plastic is an excellent choice for external insulation of buildings. Therefore, it is often used by owners of country houses. But it is also suitable for apartments. But if your home is located on the top floor, and the insulation itself will be installed from the inside, then in this case it is possible to reduce heat loss in the premises, but you must follow the installation technique of the material, using additional elements during operation. But the costs of insulating a city home will be quite serious.

There is one more point that owners of apartments and houses should also pay attention to. This refers to the environmental friendliness of the material

Many people have serious doubts that when this insulation is exposed to high temperatures, it will not emit substances that are toxic to humans. The following arguments can be made in defense of the environmental friendliness of the material:

• First of all, it must be said that scientists have proven that polystyrene foam is a material that does not pose any threat to human health. That is why this insulation is used in the manufacture of food containers.
• When used for thermal insulation of walls, polystyrene foam is separated from the space of the home by a layer of vapor barrier and finishing. And this is quite good protection against possible negative effects of the material.

What thickness of insulation will be optimal?

The time has come to figure out which layer of insulation will cope with the task of creating comfortable conditions, regardless of the temperature outside. To do this you will have to carry out a simple calculation.

Maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room is ensured by the necessary total resistance to heat transfer of building structures. In our case we are talking about walls. This means that the thermal insulation layer must make up for the “deficiency” of thermal resistance provided by the wall materials.

For each layer, its heat transfer resistance is equal to:

R n = h n / λ n

R n – heat transfer resistance;

h n – thickness of a specific layer in meters;

λ n is the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient for the material of which this layer consists.

This means that the total resistance for a wall of n-layers, which should not be lower than the established tabular value, will be equal to:

ΣR = h1 / λ1 + h2 / λ2 + … + h n / λ n + hу / λу

hу and λу – respectively, the thickness of the insulation and its thermal conductivity coefficient.

So, having an idea about the design of the wall, having decided on the insulation, that is, knowing its thermal insulation qualities, it is not difficult to find the required thickness.

The total normalized value of heat transfer resistance ΣR is a tabular value calculated for various regions taking into account their climatic characteristics. The table will look too cumbersome, so it’s easier to use the graphic map below. In this case, the value “for walls” is selected - the numbers are purple.

Values ​​of normalized heat transfer resistance by regions of Russia

The thickness of the layers that make up the wall structure is easy to find out. In this case, you should take into account the finishing, external and internal. An exception is that the external decoration of the wall is not taken into account if it is made using the “ventilated facade” technology.

The values ​​of thermal conductivity coefficients for various materials are also no secret - they can be found in reference tables on the Internet.

All that remains is to substitute the values ​​into the formula and calculate the result - the thickness of the required insulation layer:

hу = (ΣR - h1 / λ1 - h2 / λ2 - ... - h n / λ n) × λу

Let's make it easy for the reader!

Below is a convenient calculator, which already contains the necessary values ​​and ratios. All that remains is to enter the requested values ​​​​for the thickness of the wall and finishing - and get the finished result.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation for walls

Go to calculations

The resulting value is rounded to the standard thickness of the selected material. A calculated layer of thermal insulation will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in the premises at any time of the year.

So, in order for the thermal insulation of the walls of a country house to fully fulfill its functions, it is necessary to choose high-quality materials made by well-known manufacturers that have earned recognition among consumers. However, insulation will be effective and durable only if all established technological rules are followed during its installation. But this is already discussed in other publications on the portal.

Classification of materials used for insulating walls from the inside

Stone mineral wool

The walls are finished with plasterboard and insulated with mineral wool.
It has become widespread. Advantages of using it:

1. The lowest thermal conductivity coefficient among all thermal insulation materials. Consequently, reducing heating costs in winter.
2. Non-flammable and therefore good ability to resist the spread of fire indoors.
3. Quite good sound insulation. Insulating walls from the inside of a house using cotton wool dramatically reduces the noise coming into the room, which is very important in multi-story buildings.
4. Low price.
5. Vitality. Does not rot, resistant to chemical and mechanical influences. It is a barrier to fungi and mold.

Glass wool

The material, created on the basis of glass fibers and a binding polymer, is quite static in its interaction with other building materials used during insulation work and subsequent finishing of the room.

Benefits of use:

1. Good elasticity. The material is compact when delivered in roll form. When used, it quickly gains initial volume.
2. Able to withstand increased loads during operation without destruction. If the insulation of the walls from the inside is made of glass wool slabs, cracks are unlikely to appear on the wall.
3. Vibration resistant.
4. Quite elastic, light, stable.
5. Subsequent application of plaster is possible.

Liquid thermal insulation

Spraying liquid thermal insulation
A relatively new building material consisting of small empty ceramic granules of various inorganic components and a liquid polymer mixture. The possibility of applying it using a sprayer ensures good treatment, even if we are insulating in hard-to-reach places, and especially when the walls are insulated from the inside. In its composition, it resembles ordinary acrylic paint, but the layer of applied insulation in its parameters even sometimes surpasses a layer made from traditional materials.

Advantages:

1. Minimum thickness of the insulation layer (a lot of usable area of ​​the room is saved).
2. Warranty up to 15 years.
3. It's easy to use.
4. In some cases, no priming or finishing is required.

The disadvantages include its high cost in our building materials market and the need to purchase a special nozzle for spraying the composition.

Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS)

This is a completely synthetic material. Like polystyrene foam, it is based on polystyrene foam. The only difference is in the method of obtaining the granules. If EPS is used to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, then it is even possible to glue the original material to a previously cleaned surface without prior preparation.

Foil insulation

A multilayer polymer material consisting of a thin layer of foil mounted on an insulating material - polyethylene foam. Internal wall insulation made using foil materials is 50-70% more effective than using conventional heat-saving materials with a slight increase in the cost of the source materials. One of the representatives of this class of insulators is penofol. When insulating walls from the inside with penofol, it must be laid with reflective film inside the room and fixed to the wall with ordinary construction nails.

Advantages of this material:

1. Wide operating temperature range up to 150°C. It is possible to insulate walls from the inside in steam rooms and baths.
2. Good reflectivity.
3. Absolutely static to moisture absorption.
4. Sufficiently high steam-hydro- and heat-insulating parameters. When used inside walls in industrial enterprises, it allows you to create a stable microclimate with significantly lower energy consumption than without it.
5. Quick and easy installation if insulation is carried out indoors.

Vapor barrier

To understand why a vapor barrier is installed, let’s delve a little into the theory of the process that occurs inside a structure when using insulation, vapor barriers and waterproofing.

There is a term - dew point. What it is?

To put it simply, this is the meeting point between cold air from the street and warm air from inside. This is where vapor condensation begins.

If this place falls on a layer of thermal insulation, it will get wet and lose its properties, become deformed, and decrease in size. Even if it dries out in the summer, its properties are not restored. Moreover, heat leakage in these places increases.

Why is it necessary to lay a vapor barrier layer:

• does not allow the materials and structure of the building to get wet;
• allows you to shift the dew point to the outer part of the wall and save the building from rotting;
• eliminates the formation of mold, which has an extremely negative impact on health. In addition, mold disrupts aesthetic characteristics;
• favorable climatic conditions are created indoors, which primarily concerns humidity;
• promotes economical consumption of electricity for heating needs.

Penofol or penoplex

There is no point in comparing these two materials with those discussed above, since their price is superior to both foam plastic and mineral wool. Speaking about them, we note that penofol and penoplex are modern thermal insulation materials that are distinguished by excellent performance characteristics. Especially in this regard, penofol stands out, which experts call combined because it has three layers in its structure:

• waterproofing;
• thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier.

When installing penofol, they resort to the use of a special adhesive composition. But to install penoplex on the surface, special fasteners are used - fungal screws. You should know that penoplex is a panel with a smooth and even surface, which facilitates the process of laying finishing material on top of it.

What tools will you need?

To insulate walls, you will need a standard set of tools and materials:

• reinforced mesh for applying plaster;
• primer for the wall. The quantity depends on the scope of work;
• glue for indoor or outdoor work;
• hammer drill, construction mixer;
• hammer, screwdriver;
• spatula, sharp knife.

All these tools should be in the arsenal of a summer resident who decides to insulate the house with his own hands.

How to insulate a garden house for the winter

The most practical materials for thermal insulation of a summer house are basalt materials, expanded polystyrene or foam plex boards. Expanded polystyrene should be used for self-insulation of foundations and blind areas.

Penoplex boards are a dense and durable material that is not afraid of high humidity, however, these materials can emit harmful substances.

Insulation of a garden house for winter living

When using mineral wool, high-quality vapor barrier is required on the side of the warm room.

When laying, mineral insulation materials should be placed tightly into the frame. It is believed that mineral wool is not eaten by rodents and is environmentally safe for humans. In order for the thermal insulation layer to be optimal, you should first calculate the thickness of the wall insulation using a thermal calculator.

Insulation of the floor and foundation of the dacha

It often happens that insulating the walls and roof is not a sufficient measure to make the cottage suitable for living in winter. It is also necessary to take care of the insulation of the floor and foundation of the house.

However, it must be taken into account that floor insulation with a cold type of foundation (for example, piles) is usually ineffective. In order to keep the floor in your house warm, you should start with insulating the foundation and only then move on to repair work inside the house. Do not forget also that all communications (in particular pipes) of your home also need thermal insulation.

Some of the most effective materials for thermal insulation of foundations and floors are mineral boards, waterproofing films and expanded polystyrene. The principle of their installation is almost the same as when insulating walls. Therefore, we will not focus on this here and move on to the technology of internal floor insulation of cottages.

How to make warm floors in a country house?

One way to solve the problem of a cold floor in a country house is to install a heated floor. Moreover, with the help of this system you can do without radiator heating altogether and solve the problem of interseasonal heating.

There are different floor heating systems: infrared, electric, water. It is believed that hydronic underfloor heating distributes heat perfectly, warming the lower part of the house as much as possible and keeping the upper part of the room cool.

This heating system allows you to regulate the temperature in each room and save heat. Moreover, the system makes it possible to regulate the temperature regime of day and night. It is maintained automatically by sensors located at each site. The heating surface has a low temperature, about 22-26° C. This maintains slight air circulation, so dust does not rise up.

How does this system work? Underfloor heating pipes are laid under the floor, and heated water circulates through them. Heat from the pipes is distributed evenly from bottom to top, excluding overheated or low-heated areas. The most comfortable environment for a person is created in the room: at the level of the feet the air warms up to 25°C, at the level of the head – up to 20°C. This method reduces the heating temperature by at least 2°C. Therefore, compared to radiator heating, you can save from 15 to 40% energy.

It is noteworthy that this heating system is completely hidden under the floor surface. The possibilities for interior design in such conditions become limitless. In such a house you can install a ceramic floor, which seems cold with another heating method. Now, regardless of the floor covering material, your feet will always be warm.

To create a water heated floor, two systems are used: concrete and flooring. The most common is the concrete system, in which the heating pipes are poured with concrete and no additional heat distributors are used.

In cases where the height of the room is limited or an increase in the load on the floor is unacceptable, a flooring system is used. It eliminates the wet process, reduces work time and provides immediate readiness for use after installation. This heating system is suitable for buildings of any type, with any load-bearing structures.

One option is a polystyrene system, the lightest in weight, consisting of plates with grooves into which aluminum heat distribution plates are placed. The second option is a wooden system, which is used in the construction of wooden houses. This is the laying of ready-made elements (modules) with channels for plates and pipes of a warm water floor or the laying of pipes between chipboard strips or boards.

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Technical characteristics of insulation

All insulation materials have their own technical characteristics, which can affect the ease of installation and their heat-saving properties; to make the right choice, you should familiarize yourself with them.

Types and properties of mineral wool

The class of mineral wools includes glass wool, stone wool, and slag wool. All of them have one common characteristic - they are the finest fibers, which, due to their structure, can guarantee a high level of thermal insulation.

All mineral wools are highly hygroscopic, so it is important to use waterproofing during installation. When working with mineral wool, you must follow safety rules

Properties of polyurethane foam

In its rigid (frozen) form, polyurethane foam has the lowest thermal conductivity of all insulation materials, and it does not require such a large layer as for mineral wool or penoplex.

In addition, this type of insulation is very light, you do not need to use additional devices to attach it, it is simply sprayed onto the surface. This monolithic coating guarantees the absence of cold bridges; the material is environmentally friendly and durable.

Related article:

How to insulate a floor

Thermal insulation of the floor is already a technology for insulating a panel house from the inside. From the point of view of heating engineering, the insulated floor of a wooden house is a single-layer structure that simultaneously performs load-bearing and thermal insulation functions. There are different options for arranging a heated floor in a panel house, but they all come down to thin-layer cladding of a load-bearing wooden frame, inside of which heat-insulating materials are placed. And in order to protect the insulation from exposure to moisture and water vapor, it must be protected by continuous layers of vapor and waterproofing.

There are certain differences in the insulation of the floors of an apartment building and a private house. In an apartment building, the floor insulation must be protected from the penetration of water vapor from below, from the side of another heated apartment. And here the vapor barrier is spread over the ceiling (from below relative to the insulation).

In a panel house, the partial pressure of water vapor in the warm air inside the room is higher than in the cold air from the side of the pile or strip foundation. Therefore, a vapor-impermeable barrier should be on the floor covering side.

One of the possible schemes for installing an insulated floor. Regardless of the materials of the floor covering and subfloor filing, the order of layers does not change Source abisgroup.ru

There are different options for arranging an insulated wooden floor, but the principle is common to all, and the diagram looks like this :

• boards ;
• continuous layer of waterproofing membrane ;
• insulation;
• continuous layer of vapor barrier ;
• finishing floor .

Important! Moisture from the insulation should be ventilated into the underground, and from there through the vents to the street.

Insulation of a country house, which material is considered the best video

Recently, insulation has become a very pressing issue due to constantly rising energy prices.

But this issue is especially acute for owners of country houses and dachas, who spend a lot of money during the heating season. Practical insulation lies in choosing high-quality and reliable material. In addition, it is advisable to make all the necessary calculations in advance so as not to make a mistake when purchasing the material.

Take into account the thickness of the material

Among the most inexpensive are polystyrene foam boards and mineral wool. But no matter what insulation you choose, it is worth keeping in mind that:

• some of the heat loss passes through door and window structures - about 15%;
• approximately 7% of the heat escapes through the ceiling and floor;
• the ventilation system is capable of removing more than 20% of the heat.

In many ways, the choice of insulation will depend on the climatic characteristics of your region. Naturally, when choosing, you should take into account your financial capabilities and the result you want to get.

What to use:

• For example, mineral wool can be used if the temperature outside the window in winter does not fall below - 35 °C. The highest quality material is produced using rocks, such as dolomite, which indicates durability and a high level of fire resistance.
• You can also use polystyrene foam. It is distinguished by its light weight, ease of use, and high level of sound insulation.
• A cheaper material is also used - penoizol, which is supplied in liquid form. With its help, it is easy to fill cracks and spaces inside the house, and penoizol will last you quite a long time, the main thing is to follow the rules of its use.
• Recently, ecowool, which is both inexpensive and reliable, has become increasingly popular. It is also distinguished by its environmental friendliness, which is why the material got its name. True, installation difficulties arise - you will need a special tool for the home workshop, without which you are unlikely to do everything correctly. And this can lead to the formation of suspended dust in the room, which can lead to severe allergic reactions.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=mBbW3LfvgKo

As we have already said, in order to protect your home 90% from heat loss, you will have to carry out work to insulate the floor, ceiling, walls and windows. The work, of course, is not the easiest, but the result will pleasantly surprise you. Firstly, the house will become much warmer, and secondly, you will be able to avoid spending incredible amounts on heating.

Features of choice:

We insulate the roof

A roof, if installed incorrectly, can absorb a large amount of heat, and therefore it is very important to protect your home from this trouble. When choosing a material, pay attention to the service life, which will depend on the amount of precipitation, temperature fluctuations, and wind strength. Naturally, it is also important that the material does not allow moisture to pass through and is safe for human health. Beware of using polymer insulation, which quickly catches fire

The most important stage is the insulation of the walls, since they occupy the largest part of any building, and therefore have the highest level of heat transfer. If we are dealing with wooden walls, then, first of all, they need to be cleaned of dirt and treated with special water-repellent and antifungal solutions. After this, all gaps must be caulked with dry tow. Many experts advise using jute fabric, which is pleasing both in price and ease of installation. After you have worked with the walls, you can move on to window openings, which also lead to heat loss. Owners of houses with old frames especially notice this. The procedure is as follows: clean the frames, replace broken glass, seal the gaps between the frame and the wall with sealant or polyurethane foam. The final stage is the use of sealing tape, which can seal gaps up to 0.7 cm. The last step is insulating the floor, for which various materials can be used. The main thing is that the heat does not leave the house, and the house is dry. In this case, polystyrene foam is suitable, which is durable and strong.

It’s up to you to decide what material to use to insulate your country house, but you should do it as early as possible in order to do it before the cold weather sets in. We can also share with you how to insulate your shed so you can take care of your pets too.

Construction of houses

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For many years, city residents have associated a garden house with a small summer building, which is assembled from scrap materials. With the advent of inexpensive building materials on sale, developers had the opportunity to quickly build inexpensive housing, which is suitable for recreation in the summer. And in order to keep a small country house warm even in the winter cold, it is worth thinking about adequate insulation and heating of the garden house.

The need to insulate a garden house

As you know, the main purpose of a garden house lies in the formation of a recreational environment, that is, the creation of life-support conditions in nature that are close to those at home, for the effective implementation of the plans. Many gardeners extend their gardening season until late autumn, and even in winter they willingly come to ski and relax.

But such a pastime will often be impossible and here’s why. Country garden houses, as a rule, have a very simple design - a frame made of wooden beams, covered with clapboard. The inside of the house is finished with plywood, which in turn is covered with wallpaper. If you have not created proper thermal insulation in your summer garden house, it will be very difficult to maintain heat in such a structure in winter, since the internal space between the sheathing is not filled with anything.

You may disagree and choose the option of warming with a temporary stove. However, in this case, you should remember that this will not last long. Fans of open fires need to know that the efficiency of fireplaces is low, it is only 10%, so they won’t be able to heat up anyway. The warmth will be temporary, and a brick house will have to be heated for a day or two even for a short time. Therefore, you still have to think about thermal insulation. And yet, insulating a garden house yourself is not particularly difficult.

Since the need for living space in winter will be less than in summer, in order to economically use thermal insulation and building materials, as well as save fuel on heating, it is not possible to insulate the entire house. In a garden house, it is enough to insulate one or two rooms, depending on the building area and the composition of the family. It’s good if there is a brick stove in the garden house.

Only in this case can you spend your days off in early spring, late autumn and winter and slowly redo all the upcoming work for which you were unable to find time during the busy summer period with gardening chores. Before you move on to practice, remember that it is recommended to carry out all thermal insulation work when it is summer. If the dacha is two-story, or the living area of ​​one floor is too large, it is also worth thinking about water heating.

Selection of materials

The most practical insulation materials are glass wool, polystyrene foam, foam rubber, penoizol and fibreboards. You can insulate the walls of stone or brick houses using bulk materials that are placed between double walls or use the latest liquid thermal insulation material for the walls. However, the materials that our grandparents used are not far behind them.

Industrial insulation

Industrial insulation materials are most often used to insulate a garden house. Mineral insulation requires insulation from moisture. These include mineral wool and fiberglass. Mostly mineral insulation is used to protect floors and facades from the cold.

Mineral wool has been used in construction for many years in a row; it has proven itself to be the best because it does not shrink, maintaining its technical parameters at a high level for decades. This material has gained its popularity due to the ease of installation and low price.

Cellulose insulation materials are mainly represented by ecowool, which is used to insulate facades, roofs and floors of country houses. Polystyrene materials or expanded polystyrene are needed for insulating roofs and facades, and they are also necessary for insulating foundations. You can insulate a garden house with such materials from the outside and from the inside.

Available materials

You can prepare some materials yourself. Organic insulation materials, such as sawdust, reeds, moss, and sedge, are not inferior to mineral ones and are widely used in individual construction. You can add to them a whole list of insulating materials: chaff, straw, hay, small wood shavings, peat chips and others. In different regions of our country, there is still a lot of “underground” insulation known. Large material must first be crushed, for example, chopped with an ax.

You can make the insulation material yourself from improvised materials that gardeners always have. This is plastic film and old newspapers. To insulate a garden house in this way, a film is placed between sheets of newspaper and ironed. The resulting heat-insulating material is usually pasted onto the walls under the wallpaper.

Requirements for insulation

For mineral insulation (mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam), as well as small wood shavings, sawdust and moss, the thickness of the backfill should be at least 10 centimeters, and you can count on an outside air temperature of up to minus 20 degrees, if one indispensable condition is met - a windproof external cladding . For more porous insulation of an organic nature, the thickness of the backfill should increase to 13-15 centimeters.

Mineral insulation materials must be compacted so much that after pressing on them by hand, the material returns to its original position. If the heat insulation is in mats, it should not be loosened. Small shavings and sawdust are compacted until compact. It is customary to first chop hay, straw, sedge, reeds, and large wood shavings, chop them with an ax, and the smaller the components, the better.

If you are interested in how to properly insulate a garden house and spend a minimum of money, then pay attention to the following information. To save expensive thermal insulation material and money, you can simultaneously use mineral and organic insulation, laying them like a layer cake, this is especially useful in those structures where you need to fill them to their full thickness, for example, when insulating a floor or in an interfloor ceiling. It is recommended to lay a layer of the best insulation on the side of the cold source.

Remember that before use any material must be completely dry, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties, and organic insulation will also rot with all the ensuing inconveniences and troubles.

Insulation of a garden house

The pressure of the warm internal air in a garden house is always higher than the cold external air, which is why the warm air strives to escape into the street. As you know, heat loss in any building, in particular in a garden house, occurs through the floor, ceiling and walls. Uncomfortable conditions occur if the difference between the temperature in the building and the surface temperature of the walls is more than 6 degrees, and the difference between the temperature of the air and the floors is 4 degrees. The best thermal comfort will be provided with a temperature difference of 3 degrees. We have figured out the reasons for heat loss, now it’s time to figure out how to insulate a garden house.

Insulation of the floor and foundation

The thermal comfort of a garden house will largely depend on the design of the floor. More often they represent one row of boards that are laid on logs; linoleum, chipboard, and fiberboard are laid on the boards. Such floors are a common basis for furniture, but not an element of thermal insulation. Extreme cold penetrates from the ground through these floors. The cold floor makes your feet freeze, and even high air temperatures cannot save you from this, since the temperature below is always lower than at the ceiling level.

If the house is built on a strip foundation, which is continuous, then in the base there are most likely vents - special holes that are made to ventilate the space under the building. Such vents should be closed without fail. You can cover them with a piece of insulation, polystyrene foam or an unnecessary rag. It is important to open such outlets in the spring.

Nowadays, summer residents often buy garden houses ready-made. They bring a similar structure to the site, place it on posts that act as a foundation, conduct electricity - and you can safely celebrate a housewarming party. But it is worth noting that the floor space in this case remains completely open. Therefore it needs to be closed. And this can be done by making a pile.

Nail iron, rubber sheets or boards to the bottom of the house around the perimeter. Then cover it all with soil. An air cushion will eventually form under the building, which will prevent cold from penetrating through the floors. In the spring, it is customary to remove soil or make vents using, for example, pieces of plastic pipes that have a large diameter. Suitable are those used for in-house sewer systems.

To insulate the floor in a self-built garden house, the floor should be disassembled. You can use any available materials. Floor insulation is most often done in layers. In order for the floor to be warm and dry, the underground must be torn off from the ground. If the soil is dry and the groundwater level is low, limit yourself to plank flooring laid on joists. The supports will be low brick columns that are waterproofed with two layers of roofing felt on bitumen mastic.

Brick columns should rest on a preparation layer of lean concrete. Under it there should be a waterproofing layer of clay, which has been previously kneaded with water, which will protect the floor structures and underground from ground dampness. Below is compacted soil. A floor of such a design lasts a long time without being affected by fungus and moisture.

Often, summer residents recommend insulating a garden house on the ground like this. Pour a layer of crushed stone, sand on top and compact this mass tightly. Place a layer of thermal insulation on top. Then it is customary to place material for waterproofing and a mesh for thermal insulation, after which you can safely pour the concrete screed.

When the groundwater level is high, when insulating the floor in a garden house, it is customary to raise it above the ground by at least half a meter. In this case, the floor should be made double, with a heat insulator. As part of this option, summer residents do the following: a subfloor (an old finished floor is perfect for this purpose), a layer of thermal insulation (expanded polystyrene or mineral wool) and a new finished floor. The space between the subfloor and the finished floor must be ventilated; for this purpose, ventilation holes are made in the clean floor - in the corners of the rooms.

An important step in warming a garden house is protecting the basement, if there is one, and the foundation. The choice of thermal insulation material for the foundation should be approached more carefully; you need to buy high-quality material, because it will affect both the thermal insulation of the building and the safety and durability of the load-bearing structures. Insulate all areas of the foundation, sparing no material, because this way you can save up to 40% of the lost heat.

Insulation of floors

Insulation of the roof is of great importance, because almost 10% of the heat escapes through the roof. When choosing insulation for the roof, you need to be guided by climatic conditions, the presence of snow and wind loads. Remember that the materials must be durable, moisture-resistant, fire-resistant, non-toxic, and it is important that the heat insulator does not shrink.

The use of polymer materials when insulating the roof of a summer house will not be the most rational solution, because they are characterized by increased flammability properties, and you will need to take serious measures to increase the fire safety of the building. Following from all of the above, it is advisable to use stone wool for roof insulation.

In attic floors, it is usually customary to limit the installation of a vapor barrier layer, because the roof is most exposed to moisture in the form of precipitation. When the insulation is moistened, air is forced out of its pores and replaced with water. An increase in the humidity of a heat insulator by at least 10% provokes a two-fold decrease in heat-protective performance!

Frozen water worsens the properties of insulation even more. That is why, when insulating a garden house, you need to pay attention to the installation of a reliable vapor barrier. The cheapest and easiest way is to make a vapor barrier layer from soaked clay in water. Clay-straw lubricant, which has a thickness of 20-25 millimeters, is applied directly on top of the ceiling boards.

Moss can be used as a thermal insulation material for the floors of garden houses. It is resistant to rotting, perfectly absorbs water vapor and dries instantly. Moss, unlike other materials, does not cake over time and does not lose its thermal insulation properties. Buildings that are insulated with moss will always be dry and there will be no musty smell. In order not to damage the thermal insulation material, running boards are nailed on top of the ceiling beams, which are approximately 40-50 centimeters wide.

Wall insulation

Methods for insulating garden houses vary depending on the design. The very first method is external insulation; the so-called “pie” includes several layers: insulation, which is attached to the supporting structure, a reinforcing mesh based on an adhesive composition, and actually two layers of plaster. The second option: the heat-insulating material is attached using anchors with a hinge, then a welded stainless steel mesh is placed, and a thick layer of plaster is placed for verification.

You can also insulate the walls of a garden house using curtain facades. The idea of ​​such a design is very simple - between the heat-insulating material and the rain screen (the outer side of the facade) there is an air gap, which allows moisture and water vapor to freely escape outside, preventing the appearance of fungus and mold. Stone wool insulation is best suited for this purpose.

The greatest effect from the procedure of insulating a dacha will be obtained by lining the walls from the inside with sheet material - hardboard or plywood, laid on a sheathing of wooden slats. Pave the space between the “new” and brick wall with glass wool, or fill it with tightly compacted sawdust, nailing boards horizontally. It is recommended to “wrap” a log house with mineral wool and cover it with siding or clapboard.

You can use insulation material in any combination. For example, the lower part of the walls, where the boards are located vertically, can be conveniently insulated with non-bulk materials that lend themselves well to compaction in any direction (glass wool, mineral wool, moss, sedge, reeds, hay, straw, hay), and the upper part, where the boards are placed horizontally , can be protected from the cold and with bulk materials (small shavings, sawdust).

Such a wall will quickly warm up due to its low mass, while boards that are too thick, despite all the advantages that seem at first glance, have worse thermal properties. Heating them to a comfortable temperature in cold weather will require large amounts of heat. And one more mandatory condition when insulating a garden house is that the outer walls must be windproof.

To ensure that the walls are not blown through, it is enough to place some kind of dense material under the outer cladding, be it thick paper, cardboard, roofing felt, roofing felt, glassine or plastic film. A cladding made from tongue-and-groove or quarter boards cannot be considered windproof; even if it is tightly fitted, cracks will still appear, because the boards have defects and are subject to warping and shrinkage.

And to prevent rodents from getting into your garden house, which like to settle in any insulation without disdaining glass wool, the work should be done carefully, without cracks. Reliable protection against uninvited guests is a roofing felt lining. After that, think about installing a stove in your garden house with your own hands or installing a compact gas boiler.

Insulation of windows and doors

Don’t forget to finally insulate the entrance door and windows through which the most heat is lost. The windows in garden houses are mostly wooden, which require some preparation before the cold weather. Wood is an excellent material, but over time it warps, warps, it dries out, and the paint peels off. As a result, cracks appear and the cold penetrates through them.

A dacha with uninsulated wooden windows can be heated for a long time, and it will still be cold. The house will eventually warm up, but if the heater power is reduced, or if you don’t add more wood to the stove, it will immediately become cold again. And the reason for this is the drafts that penetrate from these cracks in the windows and take away the heat. Therefore, the issue of thermal insulation of windows begins with a tight fit of the frames. Be sure to inspect where the windows meet the walls.

Check to see if there is leakage from the gap between the frame and the glass, and if you notice a “leakage,” then simply replace the glazing beads. In autumn it is also recommended to seal windows. You can follow your grandmother’s advice and do it the old-fashioned way: with paper glued to a paste - a solution of flour and water. You can buy duct tape at hardware stores, which also works well.

If there are large gaps between the frame and the window sashes, it is better to pierce them with cotton wool before pasting. And in order to minimize window heat loss, it is recommended to install metal-plastic windows with two- or three-layer glazing, as well as use glass with energy spraying and putty all the gaps.

It’s good if the garden house has a vestibule; in other words, the front door is separated from the living space by another door. In this case, there should be no strong drafts or cold bridges from the street. And yet, it is recommended to cover the entrance door to the dacha, regardless of whether there is a vestibule in front of it or not, with insulation. To insulate the door, place insulation material between its walls, and cover the jambs and door joint with insulation.

The simplest thermal insulation material will do, the one that is sold as a set of dermantine, foam rubber and decorative nails. The cost of such a set is not too high. Everything will cost you a couple of hundred rubles. But an insulated door will help the owners save more than one kilowatt of electricity on heating.

What to do with the roof

The question of the need to insulate the roof would not make any difference. This isolation must be carried out without failure. Only in this case should the material characteristics and climatic conditions in the region be taken into account.

When the leakage of house roof insulation is reduced by 15%.

And if the attic space is used as a loft, it is simply impossible to do without reliable roof insulation. In the absence of a planned residential building in the attic, it is sufficient to insulate the ceiling of the house or attic.

Conclusion. From the above, we can conclude that those people who value convenience and comfort will not neglect heating at home.

The money saved on electricity, water and gas can be considered well earned and the material will be paid off in the first cold season.

Korovin Sergey Dmitrievich

Master of Architecture, graduated from Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

A country house is a structure that is initially designed only for summer use, therefore, during its construction, insufficient attention is paid to thermal insulation measures. If it is necessary to use it during the cold period, the question arises of how to insulate a country house intended for winter living.

How to insulate walls outside

How to insulate a frame house for winter living:

• “foreign” objects must be removed from the surface of the external walls - ebbs, cornices, canopies, brackets for mounting lighting fixtures and attachments;
• remove the old finish - dismantle the trim, clean the paintwork;
• make markings for the sheathing , taking into account the width of the insulation mats;
• treat all wooden elements of the sheathing with an antiseptic;
• install a timber sheathing with a height equal to the thickness of the insulation;

The vertical lathing for external insulation of the pediment and walls does not have to coincide with each other. The main thing is that the step matches the width of the mats Source ekoplat.ru

• fix the insulation between the sheathing;
• lay a continuous layer, with overlapping sheets, of a superdiffusion waterproofing membrane , secure it to the sheathing;
• fill the counter-lattice beam , which should provide a ventilation gap and serve as a place for attaching facade panels (the height of the beam must be at least 6 cm - this is the minimum size of the ventilation gap);
• cover the facade with siding, block house or any other finishing materials for a ventilated facade.

Important! Even before insulation, it is necessary to replace the windows with a “winter” version. It is also necessary to insulate the entrance area - arrange a small vestibule and install a second entrance door.

Additional insulation of a panel house can be carried out along a horizontal lathing, and the counter-lattice can be made vertical to create a ventilated gap and fasten the sheathing.

Insulation of a garden house for living in winter

Floor insulation

First, you should insulate the base with polystyrene foam and the floor on the first floor.

Most often, in dachas, the floor is made of wood, so we will consider this particular design. If you want to save money, you can use traditional materials - sawdust or expanded clay. If you take your work more seriously, then you can insulate the floor using mineral wool over wooden joists.

Thermal insulation of walls

If the house in the garden is built of sand-lime brick or timber, then insulation must be done from the outside.

In this case, you will save space in your living space and protect the walls of the building from freezing and the possible appearance of mold. It is best to insulate the facade with mineral wool followed by finishing with vinyl siding. Read how to choose the right mineral wool on our website here.

Insulation of the facade of a house without cold bridges

Attic insulation

A private house loses the most heat through the ceiling, since warm air always rises.

It is better to do insulation from the side of the cold attic. On horizontal surfaces, you can use traditional and inexpensive bulk materials - sawdust mixed with soil or expanded clay. If mineral wool is used, then a roll vapor barrier is first laid on the surface.

Why insulate the house

When arriving at the dacha, everyone wants to feel at home. To achieve this, garden plots are landscaped and buildings are brought to life. Permanent residence will be possible only if all procedures for improvement and reconstruction are carried out.

Cozy house on a summer cottage

In the absence of an obstacle, the heat quickly dissipates outside. Heated air flows rise upward, so the floor cools down quickly. If the house is used seasonally, carry out insulation work in individual places.

Insulation of the room:

• will reduce heating costs;
• eliminates the appearance of condensation;
• will increase the service life of the building.

If there is insufficient insulation or a sharp temperature difference inside and outside the building, destruction, rotting, and fungal formations will occur.

Let's summarize the comparison

Both materials are characterized by high thermal insulation characteristics.
Therefore, they are most often used to insulate walls in apartments. Their common advantage is that there are no problems with the installation of these insulation materials. Even a person who is far from thermal insulation work can cope with this task on his own. However, there are certain nuances when using them. Laying foam can be done using a frameless method. An adhesive composition is used to secure the insulation to the wall. When thermal insulation is carried out using mineral wool, the creation of a frame is a prerequisite. On the wall, vertically installed slats will act as fastening elements. In terms of installation costs, the use of polystyrene foam is beneficial. In terms of cost, this particular material is also beneficial. Its price is three times lower than mineral wool. However, when deciding to opt for polystyrene foam, you must keep the following in mind. If rodents appear in your home, they will use foam sheets to build their house. They can destroy insulation sheets, which will lead to increased heat loss.

When thinking about which thermal insulation material to choose, you should first consult with a specialist who, taking into account the room, will recommend you a suitable insulation.

Video description

We will dwell in more detail on insulating a house with polystyrene foam. Find out how safe polystyrene foam is in our video:

It is impossible to ignite mineral wool even with the flame of a gas burner Source krovlyakryshi.ru

It is easy to compensate for lower thermal insulation properties due to thickness. External insulation is not internal, and a few extra centimeters of insulation mean nothing. It is necessary to insulate with hard mats - rolled materials in vertical structures “move out” over time. And you have to choose between a thickness of 5 cm and 10 cm. For central Russia, provided that mineral wool 10 cm thick is already laid inside the walls, an additional 5 cm of thermal insulation layer is sufficient. Plus the thickness of double-sided wall cladding, interior trim and façade panels.

But if the budget allows, you can lay a layer 10 cm thick.

Sex question

As a rule, up to 10% of the heat from the house escapes through the floor. And the lion's share of these losses is associated with icy drafts at the junction of the walls and the floor.

And this is where foil insulation will become a definite boon if you need to quickly and cheaply insulate the floor. You need to start with the joints of the floor and walls: it is into these cracks that heat flows out of your home in winter. Cover these cracks with strips of foil insulation, nailing it to the walls and floor with nails or a construction stapler - and you will already save the lion's share of heat. We remind you again: the layer of foil should look inside the room, and not shyly rest against the floor.

If cracks in the floors haunt you throughout the entire area of ​​the room, take courage, dismantle the floor and lay foil insulation under the floor covering.

Lyudmila Gubaeva
Real Estate Tatarstan