Features of heating a room with panoramic windows • Which heating system to choose?

Panoramic windows are a very beautiful solution for the interior of a public institution, apartment or house.

But many refuse such glazing due to the fact that they have to sacrifice heat: installing standard radiators turns out to be impossible, and it is difficult to get rid of condensation.

But there is a way out:

The range of modern heating equipment is so wide that you can always find a suitable option. Go...

Panoramic window and room heating

For the first time, panoramic glazing began to be used in the southern regions. So in the old areas of Provence, where the temperature in winter is not lower than 10 degrees Celsius, you can find many beautiful houses with floor-to-ceiling windows. Beautiful views of France, romance, all this is impressive and fascinating. Looking at such beauty, our regions began to adopt construction experience. However, our winters are somewhat harsher. And the climate is not so mild.

In accordance with building codes and regulations, it is required to place heating radiators on the wall under each window. For obvious reasons, in this case it is not possible to place the batteries on the wall. Craftsmen have different approaches to solving problems. For example, if desired, you can install more radiators on adjacent walls, use air conditioning systems or heated floors, and ultimately heaters. But if heat sources are placed incorrectly and their power is calculated, a number of other problems arise:

• Temperature changes in different parts of the room. The corners farthest from the window will be warm, perhaps even hot. Directly next to the glass it will not be comfortable and the effect of the beautiful view will be somewhat spoiled. In addition, sudden changes in temperature in one room are harmful to health; they will especially have a bad effect on the elderly, children and those with weakened immune systems.
• If you reduce the number of heat sources, you can equalize the temperature in the room, but unfortunately in winter it will be low. Not everyone likes cold air; the room may become non-functional.
• The glass in panoramic windows will be covered with droplets of water if the walls are poorly insulated, or there are a lot of people in the room, there is high humidity, etc. Water flowing from windows can cause damage to the floor covering and cause the development of harmful microorganisms and fungi.

The above problems can be solved, but it is better to do this at the initial stage. This will save you time and money. Before starting repairs, take care of installing a heating system for panoramic windows.

Regulatory Requirements

Window sill height

In all Soviet-built houses, without exception, the standard distance from the floor to the window was 70 - 85 centimeters.

As is easy to see, window openings do not start from the floor.

Why? Yes, simply because heating radiators were mounted on the window sill, creating a thermal curtain in front of the window opening.

The function of a radiator is to create a thermal curtain in front of the window.

Why do windows need a thermal curtain? It solves at least two problems:

• Eliminates the appearance of cold drafts. Air from the street, penetrating inside through the gaps of the window frames, is mixed with the rising air flow from the hot battery;

A window without a thermal curtain will become a source of cold in winter.

• Warms up the glass, eliminating the formation of condensation and frost on them.

The thermal curtain created by the radiator warms up the glass.

There was no GOST for the height of the window from the floor in the USSR, and it still doesn’t exist now. However, indirect mention of this parameter can be found in SNiP 3.01.01-87, which sets out the requirements for load-bearing and enclosing structures .

What should be the height of the window from the floor according to SNiP? The document makes the following recommendations:

1. The heating radiator must be separated from the floor by at least 10 centimeters. The gap is necessary so that the proximity of the floor does not limit air convection;
2. The gap between the battery and the window sill should be at least 6 - 8 centimeters. The purpose of creating a gap is the same - not to interfere with convection.

Distances from the radiator to the window sill and floor.

To these values ​​you should add the height of the heating device itself.

The most common cast iron batteries MS-140 in the late 80s, during the years when SNiP was issued, have a section height of 588 millimeters.

Dimensions of the MS-140 radiator.

Adding up the size of the gaps and the height of the battery, we get 76.8 cm. This will be the minimum allowable distance from the window to the floor.

Typical height of a window opening above the floor.

Window area

We found out at what height from the floor builders install windows. Now we have to find out whether there are any regulatory restrictions on their maximum area.

An excessively large window area can create problems for the owner.

The answer can be found in SNiP 2.08.01-89, which regulates the construction of residential buildings. According to this document, the ratio of the window to the floor area of ​​the room should be in the range of 1:5.5 - 1:8.

For attics, the ratio of window area to floor area can be increased to 1:10.

The ratio of window area to floor area for premises for various purposes.

So you decide to go against the rules. You are not interested in what height from the floor the windows are located in apartment buildings of standard designs and what area they have: your windows should be panoramic, from floor to ceiling.

I approve. Three years ago I thought the same way. And now, after this time, I can give a number of compelling arguments in favor of French windows.

Argument one: review

If your windows do not look out onto a garbage dump or the blank wall of a neighbor’s house, why not enjoy the beautiful landscape? For me this argument was the main one. The house is located so that the gables of the attic look out onto the picturesque mountains and the harbor, and I didn’t want to cover them with blank walls at all.

A beautiful landscape is the main argument in favor of a large window area.

Argument two: illumination

As you know, natural light is optimal for the eyes. Our vision was formed under a very specific spectrum of light - solar, and the eyes tolerate deviations from this spectral composition very ... let's say - disapprovingly.

Evolution has adapted our eyes to a very specific spectrum of light.

It is clear that a large window area will provide bright natural light to the room all year round. This is especially important for children who learn from paper textbooks and write a lot while doing homework.

The larger the windows, the better the room is lit.

Argument three: perception of space

An apartment with floor-to-ceiling windows seems much more spacious than the same apartment with standard-sized window openings. The reason is that part of the visible boundary of space is missing. Yes, the windows cannot affect the actual usable area, but the visual perception of the room will change radically.

A room with French windows looks larger than its actual size.

Heating options for windows

When conventional radiators do not fully cope with the functions assigned to them or a different type of heating system is used in the premises, it is recommended to install heated windows to ensure comfortable conditions. Thanks to this solution, it is possible to minimize heat leakage and maintain optimal temperature conditions in the rooms at the lowest possible cost. There are several options for heating windows on the market, so you can always choose the most suitable one.

In what cases is it recommended to use heated windows?

If the window openings have a large area, then it is definitely better to immediately install heated windows, since the flows emanating from the radiator are not able to create an effective thermal curtain. These models are also recommended when rooms are heated:

• heated floor system;
• infrared heaters installed outside window openings;
• warm air through ventilation ducts;
• fireplaces, etc.

In all of the above cases, there are no full-fledged thermal curtains opposite the window openings, which can provoke a whole list of negative consequences:

• rapid decrease in temperature in the rooms;
• excessive condensation;
• the appearance of fungus and mold on various elements of window structures.

Aluminum, wooden and plastic heated windows do not have such problems. In addition, they not only help create comfortable conditions for living and working, but also allow you to significantly reduce heating bills.

Window heaters

These products are designed to slow down the process of heat exchange between indoor spaces and the street. They also allow you to additionally warm the air in the rooms, thereby reducing the load on the central heating system.

Today, window heaters are represented by two types of devices:

• infrared elements - devices whose operation does not generate air currents, since they heat objects located in their area of ​​action;
• air thermal curtains - such a window heater supplies a powerful stream of air heated to a certain temperature parallel to the opening, due to which an additional invisible barrier is created between the room and the street.

Such devices not only retain heat and heat the rooms, but also prevent the appearance of drafts that can occur if the windows are slightly depressurized.

Flexible window heating system

Infrared elements and thermal curtains are generally effective, but have some disadvantages. For example, they require space for installation, sometimes create noise and in some cases have a negative impact on the interior. European engineers have figured out how to make a quiet and unnoticeable device that prevents windows from cooling. Its work is based on thin heating elements, which are a flexible tape that runs along the perimeter of the glass unit. Such a system consumes little energy and increases the temperature of the glass unit, eliminating cold bridges in both blind and active sashes.

In addition to being economical and compact, this system is suitable for windows that are already in use. Thanks to the minimal thickness and flexibility of the heating elements, it is possible to remove the glass unit from the frame, wrap it in tape and insert it back, and then connect it to the control unit. This device prevents condensation from forming and slows down the heat transfer process. Its integration guarantees the absence of frost on the windows even at very low temperatures.

The flexible system is best suited for openings with relatively small dimensions, since it slightly heats these products only around the perimeter. If significant heat loss through the windows is expected, then it is better to use a device that is able to heat the glass over its entire area.

Steel panel batteries

These heating devices consist of two ribbed plates made by casting. They have a sealed circuit inside, which is filled with a coolant that provides space heating.

Thanks to its ribbed shape, the steel battery has efficient heat dissipation. Thermal conductivity of steel is similar to cast iron. But steel units have much thinner walls than cast iron products and therefore they heat up much faster. To warm up a cold living space, it will take 2 times less time. Such high productivity is achieved by convection.

The devices are designed for an operating pressure of 10–11 atmospheres, which corresponds to the technical characteristics of the central heating system. Some models of modern steel apartment heating radiators are equipped with ventilation (convection) holes that create a thermal curtain for cold air coming from a window or door.

After assembly is completed, the entire structure is coated with a special paint that protects against mechanical and various chemical damage. If you have any doubts about which battery to choose for your apartment from the range offered, you need to carefully check the uniformity of application of the coloring composition - this is precisely the circumstance that often affects the service life of heating equipment.

The fact is that poorly protected areas can cause corrosion. Panel radiators made of steel of standard models are designed to heat the working environment up to 85-90 degrees, but sometimes they can withstand temperatures up to 100-110 degrees. The quality of water circulating in such devices is subject to minimum requirements with an acceptable pH threshold of 3-9.5 units.

When deciding which radiators are best installed in an apartment, you need to remember that experts do not advise leaving steel products without coolant for a long time. The reason is that when in contact with air, this metal undergoes corrosive processes.

Steel radiators have a classification system, which is based on the number of panels and convectors. For example, type 10 corresponds to one panel. It is considered the simplest and most cost-effective option, but the absence of a convection heat exchanger reduces heat transfer. In turn, type 21 consists of 2 panels and 1 convector between them.

Steel units also differ in size. Their length ranges from 400 to 3000 millimeters and height from 200 to 900 millimeters. The variety of parameters allows you to choose the best heating batteries for an apartment with rooms of different sizes.

The advantages of steel panel units include:

• small thickness and weight;
• high heat transfer coefficient;
• ease of installation;
• quick heating of rooms;
• affordable price;
• minimum requirements for water quality;
• the ability to choose a model with a certain number of convectors.

As for the disadvantages of steel batteries, they appear in apartments equipped with autonomous heating. The fact is that the dimensions of the structures cannot accommodate a sufficient volume of water, and therefore the boiler will have to be turned on frequently to maintain the required temperature.

This in turn will lead to an increase in energy consumption. If the apartment is connected to a central heating system, this feature does not matter.

Before choosing a steel radiator, you need to familiarize yourself with the quality of the coolant. When the central heating system does not have clean water, the unit will not last long, since its internal surface usually does not have a protective coating.

In a steel panel structure, thin walls do not withstand water hammer, the presence of which is indicated by the presence of extraneous sounds in the system in the form of clicks, murmurs, and crackling sounds.

What batteries can be installed with a panoramic window

Irsap vertical radiators in interior design
Designers usually offer three solutions to the problem of heating a room with window openings almost to the floor:

• convectors built into the floor;
• low radiators;
• vertical devices.

All of these options have their advantages and disadvantages, so before making a choice, it is better to learn a little about the pros and cons of each type of heating device.

Horizontal radiators made of aluminum

Aluminum radiators have a minimum size, reaching only 245 mm.

The following foreign companies are engaged in the manufacture of such low heating devices:

• Sira company produces small radiators that have a heat output of 89 to 97 W;
• Global is represented on the market with cast batteries designed for installation in a heating system with a pressure reaching 16 bar.

Of the domestic manufacturers of horizontal radiators made of aluminum, the most popular are Rifar Base 200, as well as Rifar Forza 200 with an interaxial distance of 20 cm.

The advantages of aluminum heating devices are as follows:

• heat transfer of the device is at the highest level;
• light weight allowing self-installation;
• complete filling of the system requires minimal water consumption;
• the battery responds very quickly to changes in operating environment parameters as a result of turning the control valve.

Negative characteristics of devices include:

• is easily mechanically affected and deformed, since aluminum is a soft material;
• chemical activity of the metal, which affects the quality of the water used.

Note! The manifestation of the listed shortcomings can be avoided if, before starting operation, water treatment is carried out and the system is timely purged.

Bimetallic devices

Bimetallic low radiators for panoramic windows are expensive, but this disadvantage is easily compensated by high quality. In addition, they have the following distinctive features:

• high working pressure;
• Excellent compatibility with other metals, since the outer shell is made of aluminum and the inner part is made of stainless or black steel.

Important! It is believed that bimetallic radiators are the best option for connecting to a centralized heating system.

Bimetallic radiators designed for panoramic windows can range in height from 245 to 450 mm.

Low cast iron

The installation of low heating radiators for panoramic windows is carried out for water heating in both apartment buildings and private houses. The distinctive characteristics of such products are their durable housing, which is durable and wear-resistant.

But such heating devices also have a lot of disadvantages. For example, the alloy’s instability to corrosion when in contact with certain types of liquid and unattractive appearance. A feature of a cast iron radiator is also that the maximum pressure limit in the system should be 9 atmospheres. Therefore, the installation of such devices in high-rise buildings is questionable.

Additional Information! Cast iron radiators have a rough surface, so over time, layers of debris accumulate on them, especially on the inner walls.

Steel low batteries

If it is necessary to install a low heating system, even within 100 mm, tubular steel radiators are used. The shape of such products can be rectilinear or unusual, corresponding to the configuration of the window sill space.

Tubular steel radiators work perfectly in various heating systems, and this does not depend on the method of circulation of the working environment.

Heating in baseboards

More recently, a new and lower option for underfloor heating in baseboards has appeared. The entire heat supply structure is represented by a set of copper tubes, finned with plates that increase heat transfer. This is where the water passes through.

The pipes are laid along the perimeter of the entire room and covered with specially designed metal skirting boards. Design parameters are minimal.

The advantages of baseboard heating are as follows:

• the ability to implement any design ideas;
• uniform distribution of heat flows along the walls.

Thanks to this, you can harmoniously fit the heating system into the interior without violating the design idea.

Floor recessed

Radiators built into the floor have become very popular lately. This is especially true for large rooms or those equipped with panoramic windows.

Heating structures that are built into the floor have a number of advantages:

• service life;
• high level of productivity at minimal costs;
• reliability, environmental friendliness and trouble-free operation;
• aesthetic appearance.

But it is worth paying attention to the negative aspects of using such heating equipment:

• an increase in ceiling height will be required;
• high price;
• if the room height is more than 3 m, the use of radiators built into the floor is not recommended;
• complex installation.

Note! The design of such radiators is very simple and is presented in the form of a box made of stainless steel. Inside there are heat exchangers made of aluminum and copper.

Warm loggia

Warm loggia

Heated windows. Warm house. Warm balcony.

Modern architectural and construction solutions in the field of facade glazing can give any building a special look. Glass structures allow the architect to realize the most original and non-standard designs, and looking at the appearance of new urban buildings, it becomes obvious that the use of glass structures by developers is the most popular trend. This is due to the fact that façade glazing technology allows you to expand the usable area of ​​residential premises, increase visibility and add natural light. The glazed facade gives the house originality and makes it stand out against the background of standard buildings.

Window heating and heating of rooms with panoramic windows.

The appearance and design of heating devices in rooms with stained glass windows, from the point of view of design and functional efficiency, is of great importance, since heaters that do not correspond to the architectural concept can completely cancel it. In this case, traditional panel or aluminum radiators are not suitable

The reason is not only that they do not fit into the overall design, both inside and outside, but also because the glass surface is the coldest in the entire room, and condensation is likely to form. For example, in the kitchen the relative humidity can reach 80%. The dew point value is 18-19 °. If the temperature on the surface of the window is at least 3 ° C above the dew point, that is, approximately +21 – + 24 ° C, the windows do not fog up, that is, they “cry”. Accordingly, to prevent condensation from getting on the glass, it is more rational to place heating devices around the entire perimeter of the glazing, creating a continuous thermal curtain. It is most effective to insulate windows with warm baseboards. Hot air rising in a continuous flow along the entire perimeter of window structures will create a reliable thermal barrier and prevent moisture condensation on the inner surface of the glass.

Warm house. Warm balcony.

How to insulate a loggia? Let's consider a popular trend in apartment redevelopment - combining a loggia with an adjoining room, living room or kitchen. Combining a loggia with an apartment is an excellent solution for increasing usable space, especially if the size of the apartment is small. Such repairs usually involve special measures to improve the quality of windows, additional insulation of walls, floors and ceilings, since the thermal resistance of the enclosing structures should not be lower than building standards (see SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”). Are you concerned about keeping heat from escaping onto your balcony? So you can’t do without reliable thermal insulation

Insulating the loggia is very important, since an insufficient level of thermal insulation of the fences will lead in the future to moisture, condensation, the formation of mold, disruption of the microclimate in the room combined with the loggia, so it is better not to skimp on insulating loggias and balconies

But insulating the house is not all. Thermal insulation is similar to human clothing, it does not remove heat, but it does not produce it. In order for the loggia or balcony to really warm up, it is necessary to turn on the heating there. The loggia becomes part of the living space, which means that the total volume of heat losses will increase, and the heating devices installed in the room were not initially designed for the built-in volume, and additional thermal power will be required to heat the loggia. Insulating the loggia, taking into account the specifics of the room, will be especially effective with insulation of the baseboard. Uniform heating of the inner surface of the walls will create an additional layer of thermal insulation, preventing the formation of moisture in the corners and condensation on the windows.

Insulation of balconies and loggias in combination with installed warm baseboards allows you to achieve the necessary level of comfort in the cold season. Heating a loggia in urban conditions is the simplest and fastest achievable in the electric version of the baseboard system. A warm electric baseboard can be quickly installed even in winter, when the lack of heat on the loggia is especially noticeable, and electric heating does not require preparatory work.

Proper heating of a room with panoramic windows

There are several effective types of heating rooms with panoramic windows. Among them there are both more expensive and affordable options. Let's consider four main types of heating devices:

1. One of the most stylish, convenient and efficient types of heating is the use of in-floor convectors.
2. Floor-standing convector-type radiators, which are lower in height than conventional radiators.
3. Tall batteries are vertical radiators, installed on the side of the glass unit.
4. Heating with baseboard convectors.

Next, we propose to dwell in more detail on each type of heating.

How to place a battery near a French window?

In-floor convectors are heating devices for French windows. Challenges and contradictions.

French windows from the floor - a wonderful design element that opens the living room into the nature of the garden plot - pose a difficult task for the heating engineer designing the heating in this room. The huge glazing area creates large heat losses, and installing a heating radiator under French windows is impossible.

At the same time, heating French windows is necessary.

Installing radiators on the sides of a French window is a half-measure, because the downward flow of cooling air is not stopped by the rising hot flow from the heating device and it is likely that a draft will appear coming from the window.

In addition, if the French window does not warm up, the moisture in the room will condense and freeze on the surface of the glass, which obviously will not add coziness and comfort.

How to solve such a problem?

The ideal solution for heating rooms with French windows, for our Siberian conditions, is a combination of heating with water-heated floors and in-floor radiators mounted in the floor directly under the windows. Their more correct name is channel in-floor convector .

Trench convector: advantages and disadvantages

Such a heating system is installed during the renovation stage. The convector is installed below the floor covering level and covered with a decorative grille.

Advantages:

• do not take up space in the room;
• look impressive and stylish, do not spoil the interior;
• create a thermal curtain, cutting off cold air from the room;
• do not block the view;
• a wide range, differing in width, length, material, presence of fans, etc.;
• With the correct calculation of the number of elements, convectors provide high heat transfer, creating a comfortable atmosphere.

Disadvantages of in-floor convectors:

• Difficulty in installation - a project is required. There may not be enough space. To install the convector, a gap is required; the optimal height is more than 8 centimeters.
• High price of batteries and installation.
• When choosing a model with a fan, be prepared for noise. At the same time, without a fan, in-floor convectors alone may not be enough to heat the entire room.

Skirting convectors: advantages and disadvantages

This type of heaters can be called a novelty on the domestic market.

Advantages:

• compact, does not require much space for installation and does not block the view;
• stylish appearance, does not attract unnecessary attention;
• does not take up useful space;
• Quite easy to install.

Flaws:

• relatively high cost;
• low power;
• the need to correctly calculate the parameters for installation and connection.

The domestic market offers models that differ in the materials from which the heating elements are made and the type of energy used. These heaters can be powered by electricity or water based. Difficulty may arise at the design, calculation and installation stages. If you are installing electric radiators, it is necessary to provide high-quality wiring and fuses.

Regardless of the choice of type of heating for a room with a panoramic window, it is important to correctly calculate the power of all equipment. Boilers and pipes, radiators and pumps, electrical networks - all this is of no small importance. It is advisable to hire professionals to design a heating system. Even if you have central heating, it may be necessary to select and install additional heat sources. For example, a fireplace, air conditioning, infrared heaters, and so on. When starting heating, choosing radiators and installing them, read articles and consult with experts. This will avoid mistakes. Comfort and coziness depend on the temperature in the room.

Basic materials used for production

Currently, the main criterion that separates all low radiator models available on the market is the material from which they are made. Along with the traditional ones used in the last century, new types are appearing with better performance properties.

Cast iron radiators

Elements made of cast iron have the longest history of use. They are distinguished by high heat transfer, long cooling and heating, large mass and their low resistance to shock loads.

The increased roughness of the inner surface of the cast sections of a cast iron battery contributes to the accumulation of dirt and rust deposits on its walls, which over time significantly reduces heat transfer.

This is a decoration you can install at home

Steel heat exchangers

Products made from this iron-carbon alloy can be smaller in size than cast iron. They are a plate structure, the basis of which is metal pipelines. This aspect significantly reduces the required amount of coolant in the system and, as a result, increases its efficiency.

In the photo - steel panel batteries

Heat exchangers made from steel have a number of positive and negative aspects. Their weight is significantly lower than cast iron, they are more compact and have greater heat transfer. Disadvantages include susceptibility to corrosion and poor resistance to water hammer.

Steel heating radiators are low in height and have poor repairability. If one of the sections of a cast iron battery is damaged, it is easy to replace or eliminate it.

The steel product will have to be replaced entirely, which will lead to additional costs. The price of such units is one of the most significant in the segment.

Aluminum radiators

Low aluminum heating radiators have a range of advantages over their competitors.

They have:

• minimum weight of all similar products;
• good heat dissipation;
• and the plasticity of the metal allows you to obtain products of elegant shapes.

The size of the devices does not affect their characteristics

Bimetallic batteries

One of the latest types of heating devices recommended for use in individual heating systems of private houses are the so-called bimetallic batteries. They are made on the basis of steel or copper pipelines equipped with aluminum plates.

Reliable strength of two metals in bimetallic devices

Their advantages include the following:

• sufficient corrosion resistance;
• significant (up to 100 atm.) operating pressure that they can withstand;
• low volume of coolant required for heating.

Such designs also have disadvantages:

• less heat transfer compared to aluminum products;
• the highest cost among all low radiators.

Panel heating systems

If you decide to get a heating system for your home that is completely devoid of visible elements, panel heaters can come to the rescue. These are really low horizontal heating radiators. Their height from the floor does not exceed 20 cm with a thickness of 30 mm.

Such products are located along the walls and covered with decorative overlays (panels). Using this option, you can get a heating system with a height of 100 mm, operating like a standard one with high radiators. The significant disadvantages of this heating option are the high cost and complete unsuitability for repair.

Features of arranging transparent walls

The arrangement of transparent walls that decorate the exclusive interior of the room is accompanied by taking into account a number of important nuances.

• A lot of thermal energy is lost through large window structures, changing the microclimate of the room.
• The difference in parameters of external and internal temperatures forms the air space where cooled flows move.
• In winter, frosty patterns appear, rising temperatures condense vapors, which, after flowing down, become an excellent habitat for harmful fungi.

Preserving the aesthetic appeal of the panoramic glazing design is achieved by assembling a special heating system.

Bimetallic devices for panoramic windows

This type of radiator belongs to heat supply equipment, the high cost of which best corresponds to the quality.

Bimetallic radiators differ:

1. High working pressure.
2. Compatible with other metals. In them, aluminum is used only for the manufacture of the shell, which increases the aesthetics of appearance and heat transfer. As for the internal casing, equipped with outlets for connection to the system, it is made of stainless steel or black steel.

The height of bimetallic radiators for panoramic windows ranges from 24.5 to 45 centimeters.

Caring for aluminum radiators

However, in order to extend the life of radiators, you need to follow some rules:

Avoid using aluminum batteries with copper. Despite the fact that aluminum itself is a corrosion-resistant material, when combined with copper, destruction occurs much faster. This happens if undistilled water is used as a coolant - this process is called electrical corrosion. Thus, water with high thermal conductivity should not be used as a coolant. This situation may arise if the aluminum battery is connected to a copper riser or the heat exchanger in the boiler is made of copper tubes. This problem is also typical for open heating structures with metal pipelines. Therefore, it is preferable to use plastic products for them. This does not happen in closed systems with a special coolant.

Radiators must be installed correctly. Otherwise, immediate repairs may be required. For example, if the force was exceeded when screwing in a valve (nipple), then with an increase in hydrodynamic pressure in the system, deformation of the thread occurs, causing leaks at the joints.

Maintain operating pressure. Most aluminum radiators are designed for a pressure of 5-7 atmospheres. They are also quite sensitive to the quality of the coolant. For this reason, they are most often used for autonomous heating of a private home. As for centralized networks of multi-storey buildings, the pressure in them is 10 atmospheres or more. For this reason, aluminum radiators are rarely used with this heating method.

Caring attitude. Aluminum is a soft metal, so products made from it are easily deformed

Therefore, aluminum radiators must be handled with care.

Educational video about aluminum heating radiators:

Why are heating radiators installed under windows?

When using central heating batteries to heat a room, it is important to correctly place the heating devices so that they have the greatest heat transfer efficiency. There are several reasons for installing heating devices under window openings.

The main reasons for this arrangement are considered to be the physical processes of thermal energy transfer in the room:

• air convection;
• thermal radiation.

The window opening in the structure of the room has a large space equipped with a window block through which outside air enters the room. No matter how much the thermal insulation of the walls is enhanced, the building loses from 25 to 35% of heat through frames and glass. This is a very large indicator of heat loss. In this case, it is through the cracks in the frames that fresh but cooled air enters the room.

Therefore, to keep the room fresh and comfortable, it is more convenient to provide heating for the incoming fresh air. Create a heat shield in the opening, which would ensure normal temperature conditions in the room and its natural circulation throughout the entire apartment or house.

When installing a radiator under a window opening, the heat released heats the air, lifts it to the window sill, where fresh cooled and heated air from the radiator is mixed.

The wall near the window opening freezes especially hard. The large area of ​​glass does not help retain heat, so the wall, reaching half the height of the room, freezes especially hard here. If the load-bearing walls to the right and left of the opening are more powerful, then the thickness of the wall underneath is 10-15 cm less. This means that here the wall will freeze faster, and therefore installing a radiator to heat the masonry with radiation is quite justified.

Characteristics of popular manufacturers and models of aluminum radiators

Manufacturer FARAL comes from Italy

He supplies us with two types of batteries: FARAL Green HP and FARAL Trio HP. They have a distance between the axes of 50 and 30 centimeters, and a depth of 9 and 8.5 centimeters. The number of assembled sections ranges from three to sixteen. These sections are attached to one another with steel nipples. For tightness, gaskets are installed.

Before shipping to the consumer, the plant tests the batteries by applying a (gauge) pressure of 24 atmospheres. Such a test will allow the radiators to perfectly withstand a working pressure of 16 atmospheres.

KalidoR radiators are also Italian - Radiatori 2000 SpA

The production is located in the city of Bergamo and uses the most modern technologies in the production of batteries. Therefore, the characteristics of aluminum radiators made by this company are simply excellent. For example, good heat transfer and low susceptibility to corrosion can be mentioned. Their coloring is durable, which is done using the anaphoresis method, which is completed by epoxy-polyester spraying. The plant conducts tests at a pressure of 24 atmospheres, which corresponds to a working pressure of 16 atmospheres.

The radiators are strong, last a very long time and have a beautiful design.

The third “Italians” - ROVALL batteries from the Sira Group concern

Its popular models: TANGO, OPERA, ALUX, JAZZ, BLUES, SWING. For the manufacture of radiators, extruded aluminum pipes are used. The batteries are distinguished by a wide range of colors, and their surface is treated in a special way. For Russia, tests are carried out at a pressure of 30 atmospheres (accordingly, the operating pressure is 20 atmospheres).

Using special technology, the company makes it possible to vary the height of the batteries from 20 to 250 centimeters. Therefore, they can be installed in any niche.

Popular manufacturer – Fondital

And he is also from Italy. But its Calidor Super battery is designed specifically for the CIS countries and Russia, so it is perfectly suited to the natural conditions of these countries. During its manufacture, Russian standards (GOSTR RU.9001.5.1.9009) and European standards (EN 442) are observed. These radiators are cast from aluminum alloy under pressure. Maximum pressure resistance from the inside is 50 atmospheres.

The increased diameter of the water channels prevents the radiators from clogging from not very clean water, and the thickened walls provide the necessary strength.

Table. Technical characteristics of popular models of aluminum radiators

* All values ​​in the table are given for 1 section and taken from the official websites of manufacturers.

** Thermal power is indicated at 70 C.

Types of heating radiators

To equip your home, you can choose different models of heating devices - you can have an aluminum radiator, an electric wall heater or a cast iron radiator made of several sections. The question is whether such a battery can effectively heat a room that has large windows.

Building codes regulate at what distance the battery must be placed under the window. But at the same time, these standards do not indicate which batteries should be hung under stained glass windows or under panoramic structures. The fact is that modern technologies offer several options for organizing heating in an apartment. Including in such a non-standard situation as installing a heating radiator under a panoramic window, to the entire height of the room.

Depending on the material of manufacture, the following can be selected for installation in a central or autonomous heating system:

• cast iron sectional batteries;
• aluminum radiators;
• bimetallic radiators;
• steel models;
• radiators made of copper.

In this place you can also place convectors for connecting to the electrical network in a wall position or install them in the floor under a decorative cover.

Heating devices can be:

• in the form of full-size radiators;
• low radiators for panoramic windows;
• floor batteries;
• copper batteries for installation in the baseboard;
• convectors for panoramic windows for placement in the floor.

Built-in devices

Heating radiators built into the floor are used to heat office, retail and residential establishments. They can be used in greenhouses and conservatories to create temperature conditions that are comfortable for plants. The operation of the device is based on the principle of convection. Built-in units promote intensive air circulation, so they heat the room faster and more efficiently, which reduces heating costs.

Worth knowing! There are built-in radiators on sale with automatic temperature control, condensate removal function, and the ability to program the microclimate in the room.

The unit has a simple design. Inside the metal housing there is a heat exchanger with convective plates. The body of the device is built into the floor, and is covered with a durable decorative grille on top.

For places with high humidity, it is better to buy a device made of stainless steel, and in rooms with a normal microclimate, batteries made of galvanized steel are used. To protect the body and pipes from corrosion, they are powder coated.

In the interior of the room, only the radiator grille is visible from such a device. In its manufacture, wood, aluminum, marble or one of the types of steel (stainless or galvanized) are used.

Based on their design, gratings are divided into roll and linear. The last gratings can only be lifted as a whole, and the second type is rolled up. Rolled decorative overlays consist only of transverse crossbars, while linear structures also have longitudinal stiffening ribs. Since the grille will be walked on and furniture placed on it, no plastic parts are used in its design.

Types and scope of use

Built-in batteries are usually used in the following places:

• public and residential premises with panoramic glazing;
• greenhouses;
• galleries, museums and exhibition halls;
• offices and commercial premises;
• private and apartment buildings.

Important! The efficiency of in-floor radiators with a fan increases to 90%. This is achieved thanks to improved air circulation. The fan can be turned off if necessary.

Devices with a fan have special porous rubber gaskets to reduce the noise level in the room. The unit has electronic temperature sensors, regulators for setting the temperature and fan speed.

Related article: How to attach a comb to a plastic window

There are two types of built-in batteries:

1. Water heating radiators in the floor consist of a metal tube on which convection plates are strung. Typically, tubes made of copper, steel or aluminum are used. The unit is connected to the water heating system of a house or apartment. In centralized networks, a design with copper pipes cannot be used.
2. Inside the electric built-in heater there is a closed heating element. To increase the heat transfer area, plates of steel, aluminum or copper are welded onto it. Stainless steel heating elements will last the longest. These radiators are fused for safe operation.

On a note! There are in-floor radiators with fans on sale that can both heat the air in the room and cool it.

Some varieties have built-in filters that allow them to purify air from the street and, after heating, supply it indoors. To make it easier to control the operation of the device, you can purchase a control panel for it. Typically, built-in radiators of a rectilinear configuration are found on sale, but a semicircular device can be made to order.

Pros and cons of built-in radiators

The advantages of underfloor heating batteries include the following:

• The unit can be installed anywhere.
• The device can be used in a room of any size because it does not take up space, being installed in a niche under the floor. You can walk on the grate and place furniture on it.
• The battery does not require special care and is easy to repair and maintain.
• Due to the fact that the unit is not visible in the interior, it can be used in rooms decorated in any style.
• The safety of the device allows it to be installed in a children's room.
• When installed near a doorway or under panoramic windows, the radiator forms a thermal curtain that prevents heat loss.

But when choosing this type of heating device, you should not forget about their disadvantages.

The disadvantages include the following:

1. Installing and connecting this device is quite labor-intensive. It is better to entrust all work to professional craftsmen.
2. To install the device in the floor, the screed has to be made quite high, which leads to significant consumption of materials.
3. Heating efficiency is noticeably reduced in a room with a height of more than three meters.
4. The price of built-in heating devices is higher than that of their wall-mounted counterparts.

During operation of the built-in radiator, active dust circulation occurs in the room. This worsens the well-being of young children and negatively affects the health of allergy sufferers.

Tips for choosing

When purchasing, pay attention to the dimensions of the unit and its power. Also decide in advance whether you need a device with a built-in fan.

When choosing, consider the following parameters:

• pressure in the heating system;
• the purity of the coolant and its composition are important for the choice of pipe material in water units;
• the diameter of the pipeline can be ignored, because there are adapters on sale;
• type of wiring (one-pipe or two-pipe);
• humidity in the room (the material of the housing and pipes depends on this, as well as the need for a condensate removal function).

It is advisable to use floor-standing and built-in heating devices in rooms where the parameters of a conventional wall-mounted radiator do not meet the requirements or their installation is generally impossible.

Standards for installing batteries in residential premises

According to building codes and regulations, the battery under the window opening must be installed taking into account the following requirements:

• the heating radiator should be installed at a height of 80-100 mm from the floor;
• relative to the window sill, the radiator is placed 100-120mm lower;
• The battery must be placed at a distance of 30-50 mm relative to the wall;
• the battery should be located in the center of the window opening.

How to properly hang a heating radiator determines how easily you can maintain order in the room and how well it will warm up during the heating season. The distance above the floor level and from the window sill during the heating season ensures natural air convection. As it rises, it cuts off the cold flow from entering the room and creates a heat shield in the window opening. The gap between the floor and the lower edge of the heating radiators makes it possible to carry out cleaning, which is very important for residential premises.

The convector under the window sill should be 3-5 cm lower than it. This ensures air circulation, on the one hand, and on the other hand does not allow dust to accumulate in this space. The central location of the radiators allows the window units to be covered with a flow of warm air, blocking the penetration of cold into the room.

Heating in baseboards

Relatively recently, a new and lowest method of creating heating has appeared. In this case, the heat supply structure consists of copper tubes finned with plates, due to which heat transfer increases. Water circulates through them.

The tubes are laid around the perimeter of the room and covered with special metal baseboards. This heating design has the smallest dimensions. It is 30 millimeters wide and has a height of 100–200 millimeters (depending on the power of the system).

Heating in baseboards has the following advantages:

1. Great opportunities for implementing design solutions in the interior.
2. Uniform distribution of warm flows along the walls.

When a unique design is created in a room, it is low radiators for stained glass windows that allow the heating system to be correctly and beautifully integrated into the interior.

Heat from the floor - pros and cons

Built-in convectors are convenient because they:

• completely hidden in the floor, so you don’t need to think about how to fit them into the interior;
• They have high power and quickly warm up the air in the room.

But for many, the disadvantages of convectors significantly outweigh their advantages:

• high cost of the devices themselves and installation work;
• the impossibility of installing efficient models with a height of 80 mm or more with a low floor screed;
• noisy operation of fans in powerful models;
• Heating based on the convection principle leads to dry air, which is fraught with health problems.

Operating principle

The radiators built into the floor heat the room using the convective principle. They themselves are also convectors by design. This system heats the room more efficiently than any wall-mounted radiator model. The heated air rises to the ceiling, the cooled air remains below and is heated, i.e. active circulation and uniform heating of the room occurs. It maintains a constant temperature. Heating costs are reduced.

Low Batteries: Pros and Cons

Low models are good because they can be installed under a window sill, which rises from the floor by a few centimeters. At the same time, the panoramic view will be preserved, and the problem of heating the room will be solved.

Low models of Irsap radiators in interior design Low models of Irsap radiators in interior design Low models of Irsap radiators in interior design

The main advantages of low tubular radiators are:

• low price;
• high heat transfer;
• ease of installation;
• large selection - you can choose the number of sections, width, depth of the device, tube diameter, color.

There are few disadvantages to this solution; they boil down to the fact that budget options, as a rule, have a rather primitive design, and beautiful designer models are not very cheap.

Low floor radiators

There is a wide variety of floor radiators: cast iron, tubular steel, aluminum, bimetallic and, as a separate group, floor convectors.

Varieties of convectors are copper-aluminum and steel. They differ in cost - the first ones are much more expensive due to materials and improved heat transfer.

They are a pipe on which ribs are welded. Such convectors are most widely used for heating rooms with glass walls. They create an effective curtain of heat from cold glass, while simultaneously preventing the formation of ice on the window.

Radiators next to windows

An interesting design solution could be radiators located next to panoramic windows. In this case, the radiators evenly heat the room without covering the window. The main disadvantage here is the non-optimal location of the heating radiators.

• In most cases this is the cheapest option
• Wide choice in the location of the radiator, as well as in the choice of radiator model
• Radiators are easy to clean
• The radiator does not block the flow of cold air from the side of the window, as a result of which the temperature near the window may be lower than in the rest of the room
• In some cases, condensation may form on the glass, but this is more likely a matter of insufficient ventilation or poor quality of the glass unit.

What to do

The question is not rhetorical: some of the problems I listed with French windows are completely solvable.

Heating

A low (200 - 350 mm) sectional radiator, a warm baseboard (the so-called wall convector with a height of 13 - 18 cm decorative screen) or an in-floor convector installed in a screed or between floor joists can create a thermal curtain in front of a panoramic window.

Panoramic window with in-floor convector.

My thermal curtain is created by an internal split unit blowing parallel to the plane of the window - a system that is the only source of heat in the attic.

The thermal curtain is created by an internal split system unit installed next to the window.

Cold, overheating and excessive light

These problems can be successfully solved by installing a combined double-glazed window with one energy-saving and one solar control glass.

What kind of glass is this?

Thanks to a thin metal coating, solar control glass reflects part of the light in the visible part of the spectrum (from 30 to 70%), reducing the illumination of the room and its heating in the summer heat.

By the way, it will also save you from prying glances from the outside thanks to the mirror effect. The interior of the room will be visible from the street only at dusk and when the lights are turned on inside.

Cottage with light-protective glass.

Energy-saving glass is equipped with the same metal coating, which, due to its special chemical composition, has limited transparency only in the infrared part of the spectrum. Glass reduces heat loss in winter, when the temperature in the house is higher than outside, and limits the heating of rooms in sunny weather.

Glass is easily recognized by the color of the reflected fire.

A single-chamber double-glazed window with one energy-saving glass transmits a quarter less heat than a double-chamber double-glazed window with conventional glass.

Double-chamber double-glazed window with energy-saving and light-protective glass.

If the windows are already installed, you can turn the double-glazed windows into solar-protective and/or energy-saving ones by sticking appropriate films on the glass.

The film can change the characteristics of your double glazed window.

How to do it yourself? The instructions are extremely simple:

1. Wash the glass;
2. Cut the film to the size of the glass unit;
3. Wet the glass generously with water and a small amount of baby shampoo;
4. Remove the film from the backing, press it against the glass and smooth it with a rag or rubber spatula from the center to the periphery, driving out the water.

The film is glued to heavily moistened glass.

The noise problem can be partially solved by installing a noise-proof double-glazed window. Sound insulation is achieved by combining glass of different thicknesses (usually 4 and 6 mm) with variable thickness of spacer frames. As a result, the glazing absorbs sounds across the widest possible acoustic spectrum.

Regular and noise-proof double-glazed windows.

Models without housing

In this case, heating radiators are installed in a specially prepared niche. Its walls are insulated. The most commonly used is polyester foam. Batteries of this type are mainly located in new buildings, where their installation is provided for in the design documentation.

Diagram and principle of operation of a liquid electric radiator

The heating circuit is installed inside the niche at a height of 10 cm from the bottom. This is due to fire safety regulations. Also, the presence of an air gap improves the movement of warm masses and increases the efficiency of the heating device.

The channel with heating elements is closed with a special grille. It must withstand significant loads that are possible during operation.

Also, the grill must be removable so that the channel can be cleaned of accumulated dust. It can move completely away or collapse.

Why vertical tubular radiators are better

A universal solution is a vertical radiator. These are tall devices that are installed not under the window sill, but next to the window opening.

Vertical radiators:

• have an original appearance, look stylish, non-standard;
• have high productivity due to the large working surface area;
• do not block the view from the window.

Vertical radiators Irsap in the interior design of a room Vertical radiators Irsap in the interior design of a room Vertical radiators Irsap in the interior design of a room
Are there any disadvantages?

Please note: Which loft style to choose in the interior - hipster or glamorous. Design features from materials to paintings on the wall.

To install vertical devices, you need a free section of the wall next to the window opening. Therefore, this solution is not suitable for a small room - in this case it is better to choose low batteries. If the window is very long, in severe frosts large heat losses are inevitable, since the vertical radiator may not cope with heating due to its specific location.

Brands

Profile

1. Which profile systems should you prefer when choosing windows?

If a price difference of 15 - 20% is not critical for you, it is better to choose profile systems from famous German manufacturers - KBE or Rehau. From my own experience: they differ from inexpensive domestic and Chinese-made profiles in that they are more rigid. This quality is very useful when there is a large window area and, accordingly, significant wind loads.

Rehau profiles have high rigidity due to the significant thickness of the steel liner.

Cheaper profiles usually have a thinner metal liner. At one time I chose the most inexpensive Chinese Hautec profile; in windy weather, a slight vibration of the frames is noticeable, which is not surprising given the size of each window 5x2.6 meters.

Accessories

1. Is it possible to save money on accessories?

No, no and NO. Wear or ill-conceived mechanics of low-quality fittings will mean loose closure of the sashes or constant jamming of the handles in intermediate positions.

Here, without any options, you should give preference to quality products from well-known manufacturers. I chose Siegenia - Aubi hardware; Besides this, the brands Winkhaus, Maco and Roto have earned good reviews on the Russian market.

Fittings Siegenia-Aibi. Highly recommend.

What should you pay attention to when selecting this or that fitting?

Here are instructions based on my own experience in using plastic windows:

• Hinged sashes must have a transom mode (when the sash tilts towards itself). It is desirable that there be a microventilation mode (fixing the sash when tilted in an intermediate position by turning the handle). The transom mode allows you to ventilate the room in the rain without fear of puddles on the floor, and microventilation will provide a limited flow of fresh air in the cold;
• The sash must be fixed in the closed position not only by the central lock, but also by pressure rollers at the bottom and top. It is the pressure when turning the handle that will ensure tightness. If the door is secured only by the lock tongue, the inevitable deformation of the profile will eventually leave gaps at the top and bottom of the opening.

Pressure rollers ensure tight closure of the sash.

Which heating radiators are suitable for panoramic windows

Today, when choosing apartments or houses, preference is often given to rooms with panoramic windows. This design solution makes the room brighter, visually spacious and comfortable. But there are disadvantages here, because it is known that the greatest heat loss is associated with windows. It will not be so easy to resolve the issue here, because it is unlikely that you will be able to find a place for a regular radiator. But there is still a solution - these are low heating radiators, which, thanks to their compact mountings, do not spoil the appearance or clutter up the windows.

Domaletto

The Domaletto online store offers a wide selection of ready-made inexpensive curtains. For the living room, a set of curtains with a lambrequin made of jacquard taffeta is suitable; for a comfortable stay in the bedroom - light-proof curtains with photo printing; for a carefree children's room, a lightweight fabric made of micro-voile is suitable. The site also offers a selection of cozy home textiles.

The online store has a bonus program, where for every product purchased, review, or birthday, bonuses are awarded that can be used to pay for up to 100% of the purchase. Delivery of orders from Domaletto in Moscow is carried out in a way convenient for the client: pickup, courier or Russian post.

If the store does not offer the required size, you can inexpensively sew custom-made curtains in a studio. To do this, you need to fill out the form and wait for a call from a specialist who will clarify your request and advise on all questions that arise. A transparent price tag for work and an individual approach to each client will ensure high-quality provision of services.

Conclusion: which batteries to choose?

For a small room or a room with a long window, choose low radiators. If space allows, a universal solution is vertical steel tubes. They are the most practical, easy to use, and beautiful.

If your budget is above average, explore designer lines: manufacturers such as the Italian brand IRSAP offer a lot of non-standard options. The battery can become an unusual decorative element that will add zest to the interior.

Sources

• https://vencon.ua/articles/osobennosti-otopleniya-pomeshcheniya-s-panoramnymi-oknami
• https://mr-build.ru/newteplo/otoplenie-panoramnyh-okon.html
• https://evrookna-mos.ru/kak-vybrat-radiator-pri-panoramnom-osteklenii.html
• https://www.tproekt.com/nizkie-radiatory-otopleniya/
• https://okna-dom.net/pravilnaya-ustanovka-radiatora-otopleniya-pod-oknom/
• https://okno-pro.ru/balkony/obogrev-panoramnogo-ostekleniya-2.html