Do-it-yourself vegetable pit: stages and construction technology

A vegetable pit in the garage is an excellent way out for those who do not have a private house with a large basement nearby. This method of storing food has been proven not for years, but for centuries. What are the advantages of such storage? Firstly, this is a way to increase the size of the refrigerator and never again worry about the products that you bought for the winter or brought from the summer season spoiling in winter, and secondly, this is a way to use the land you have to its full potential. So let's figure out how you can modernize your garage.

Schematic section of a garage with an inspection hole

What you can get from the vegetable pit:

1. Achieving optimal conditions for storing food in winter, and this is: - air humidity in the range of 65%-80%, - 2°C-5°C, - darkness.
2. Increasing the functionality of the garage.
3. Proximity to the basement.

What are the consequences of excess moisture in the soil?

You can see the results of this phenomenon yourself - trees and shrubs die. Why is this happening?

• the oxygen content in the soil decreases and the carbon dioxide content increases, which leads to disruption of air exchange processes, water regime and nutritional regime in the soil;
• oxygen starvation of the root-forming layer occurs, which leads to the death of plant roots;
• the supply of macro and microelements by plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) is disrupted, because excess water washes out mobile forms of elements from the soil, and they become unavailable for absorption;
• intensive breakdown of proteins occurs and, accordingly, the processes of decay are activated.

Plants can tell you at what level groundwater lies

Take a close look at the flora of your area. The species inhabiting it will tell you at what depth the groundwater layers are located:

• perched water - it is best to dig a reservoir in this place;
• at a depth of up to 0.5 m - marigold, horsetails, varieties of sedges grow - bladderwrack, holly, foxtail, Langsdorff's reed;
• at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m - meadowsweet, canary grass, ;
• from 1 m to 1.5 m – favorable conditions for meadow fescue, bluegrass, mouse peas, rank;
• from 1.5 m - wheatgrass, clover, wormwood, plantain.

What is important to know when planning site drainage

Each group of plants has its own moisture needs:

• with a groundwater depth of 0.5 to 1 m, vegetables and annual flowers can grow in high beds;
• depth of water layer up to 1.5 m is well tolerated by vegetables, grains, annuals and perennials (flowers), ornamental and fruit shrubs, trees on a dwarf rootstock;
• if the groundwater is more than 2 m deep, fruit trees can be grown;
• The optimal depth of groundwater for agriculture is from 3.5 m.

Is site drainage necessary?

Record your observations for at least some time. You yourself can understand how much drainage is needed.

Maybe it makes sense to simply redirect melt and sediment water along the bypass channel, rather than allowing it to flow through your site?

Perhaps it is necessary to design and equip a storm drain and improve the composition of the soil and this will be enough?

Or is it worth making a drainage system only for fruit and ornamental trees?

A specialist will give you the exact answer, and we strongly recommend calling him. But after reading this article, you will gain some awareness on this issue.

Upon completion of the technological and production tasks associated with the arrangement of a sewer system in an apartment building, industrial building, as well as in a private household, it is necessary to test the involved system using the forced flow method. This task is used to identify possible defects or improper installation of the entire involved sewerage part, and the test report for internal sewerage and drainage systems will be material evidence of the work on acceptance of the facility.

A visual inspection should be accompanied by inclusion in the test report of internal sewerage and drainage systems according to SNIP, which is currently represented by the current regulations of the “D” series appendix, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of a building”, recently a new one has been applied updated working edition according to SNiP 3.05.01-85.

The vegetable pit is designed for storing vegetables and fruits. It is not difficult to build it with your own hands. Important criteria for saving the harvest are dryness and good air exchange. When creating conditions for a good microclimate, you must be wary of sudden temperature changes. Ventilation in the vegetable pit will help avoid unpleasant odors and stale air, as well as mold fungi.

What is it intended for and what characteristics should it have?

Fruit and vegetable products purchased or grown by yourself must be stored somewhere in the winter. Refrigerators are used to store winter preparations and fresh vegetables in small quantities. However, the refrigerator will not fit a bag of potatoes and several boxes of garlic and onions. Therefore, you have to independently build a special room where you can place the twists with vegetables. The microclimate in such cellars allows you to keep the crop fresh for 4-5 months.

The constructed storage facility must have the following features and characteristics:

• temperature readings should not exceed four degrees Celsius;
• the humidity level inside the cellar should be in the range of 90-95%;
• it should always be dark inside the vegetable pit, and therefore the lighting is turned on only in cases where there is a person inside;
• The cellar is equipped with a high-quality ventilation system that will ensure normal air circulation.

Thermal insulation work

The garage cellar needs high-quality insulation. Without thermal insulation, all other work on arranging the premises will simply go down the drain.

Expanded polystyrene is well suited for insulating a garage cellar. Plates of this material must be secured to the outside of the cellar at the stage of arranging the foundation. Modern polystyrene foam does not rot, does not allow water to pass through, and lasts for quite a long time.

Expanded polystyrene

Give preference to PSB-S-25 brand material. The optimal insulation thickness is 50 mm. Expanded polystyrene will help maintain the temperature in the cellar at a stable level.

Internal insulation can also be done using polystyrene foam

It is important that the thermal insulation is double-sided. If you insulate a room exclusively from the inside, condensation will begin to form on its walls, which will not have the best effect on the microclimate in the cellar and the safety of the objects in it.

Insulation of the cellar

In matters of floor insulation, everything is not so simple. The most convenient option is to use expanded clay backfill. You simply install a frame of slats on the floor, fill in expanded clay and pour screed on top.

Insulate the cellar ceiling. Without thermal insulation, the same condensation will begin to form on the surface.

First step. At a height of approximately 15 cm from the ceiling surface, fix pipes with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Follow a step of about 60 cm. You can attach the pipes to the walls or ceiling, as is more convenient for you.

Second step. Fasten the fittings at right angles to the pipes. Maintain a step of about 30 cm. Tie the elements with soft steel wire at the joints.

Third step. Paint the frame elements with waterproof paint.

Fourth step. Place plastic bags tightly filled with straw in the cells of the frame. Bags should be laid without gaps, as closely as possible to each other.

Fifth step. Secure plastic film over the frame, and then finish with waterproof plywood, galvanized metal sheets or other suitable material of your choice.

Insulation of cellar walls from the outside

Try to carry out all work on arranging the cellar as responsibly and efficiently as possible. The service life of the room and everything that will be in it directly depends on this.

Finally, all you have to do is install the ladder and the manhole cover. Arrange shelves and racks at your discretion. Before bringing anything into the cellar for storage, the room must be dried and disinfected. To do this, you can use the old-fashioned budget method - burn 10 tablets of dry alcohol in the cellar.

Sizing

Before equipping your garage space with a vegetable pit, you need to decide on its size.

When determining the area of ​​the cellar, the thickness of the base and walls is taken into account. Also, when calculating the optimal area, it is taken into account that the size of the room for storing vegetables should be comfortable for the person inside. Therefore, experts advise digging a pit, the width of which will be 70-80 centimeters.

Since the pit should be located under the garage, its length directly depends on the length of the garage space, as well as on the number of products that will be stored in it. For example, if a cellar is built for a small amount of pickling, then its length can be 2-3 meters.

The minimum depth of the cellar for storing pickles is one and a half meters. However, if the owner of the premises is too tall, they dig a pit 160-170 centimeters deep.

Selecting a location

A structure for storing supplies of vegetables and fruits should last for more than one year. For quality construction, you need to choose a suitable location. When carrying out such work, it is necessary to take into account some features. For example, the site must be on a hill so that groundwater does not fall into the hole, so the level of its occurrence is determined in advance.

You can check it yourself by drilling a well approximately 2.5 meters deep. They leave it in this form for several days and then check whether water appears there. If the place is dry, then you can safely begin arranging the storage. Another test option is to measure the depth of the adjacent wells.

Experienced craftsmen advise making a plan for yourself before starting construction. It will allow you to better navigate when performing work.

Site selection and subsequent planning

First, you will need to decide on the location where you plan to build a vegetable pit. Traditionally, it is installed under a storage room in a private house or under a garden house. Residents of apartment buildings have the opportunity to organize a convenient storage space by installing a vegetable pit in the garage.

It is important to note that despite the apparent simplicity of the design, simply digging a pit is not enough to arrange this type of cellar

If you are interested in information on how to make a vegetable pit, you need to take into account the following information

When planning construction, it is necessary to take into account a number of points:

In order not to damage an electrical cable or pipe accidentally lying in the ground, you will need to make sure that there are no utility lines laid in this location

From this point of view, it is more convenient to equip a hole in the basement or garage; it is necessary to determine the characteristics of the soil - it is important to collect information about the level of groundwater at the planned construction site (for this you may need to seek help from a specialist). In order for the structure to be sufficiently durable, it is necessary to select a place with a groundwater level below the bottom of the planned storage facility - at least half a meter

If they are located close enough, this problem should not be ignored - in this case, you will need to equip a reliable waterproofing system (otherwise you may end up with a vegetable pit that is regularly flooded with water). Such an arrangement will entail significant financial and labor costs, and water may still find a loophole and eventually seep inside; in the vegetable storehouse you will need to ensure suitable temperature and humidity conditions. To ensure that the fruits do not wrinkle or dry out, a humidity of 85-95% is optimal, as well as a temperature slightly above zero (from 2 to 5°C). Storage under these conditions will protect products from spoilage and allow them to retain maximum nutrients. A thermometer placed there will help you monitor the temperature in the vegetable pit; to ensure the flow of fresh air into the storage facility, it is necessary to equip it with ventilation - bring the supply and exhaust pipes outside; In addition, to prevent vegetables from sprouting during storage, the room must be kept dark.

Arranging a vegetable pit make the cellar ideal

A pit for storing crops in a garage, as we said, must be waterproofed. You may even have to make a circular drainage system in the cellar. Such measures are carried out in cases where groundwater is close to the bottom of the vegetable storage facility.

Waterproofing pits for harvest storage

The easiest way to protect the floor surface of a vegetable pit from moisture is as follows:

• treat the floor with bitumen solution (twice to be safe);
• lay sheets of roofing felt on the bitumen;
• reapply the solution;
• make a filling on the roofing material using coarse sand.

The walls of the storage facility can also be coated with bitumen or more expensive penetrating waterproofing can be used.

The final touch is installing ventilation in the basement. The easiest way is to make a natural supply and exhaust system. To do this, you will need to place two pipes (for exhaust and fresh air) at a certain height from the floor. Installation of forced ventilation will require more costs. You will need to buy a special electric fan and place it in a pipe with two doors. Your cellar for storing vegetables is ready!

This is interesting: How many bricks are needed for a garage - we will write it down in detail

Types of ventilation systems

The operation of any exhaust system is based on the principle of air circulation. Exhaust vapors containing many harmful impurities leave the room, giving way to fresh air. This means that to organize standard ventilation, two different pipes are needed: one for the inlet, the other for the outlet.

Experts distinguish two types of ventilation systems:

• Natural. Excess moisture and other harmful substances are removed from the basement using thermal convection. The heated steam accumulated in the upper part of the pit spontaneously rises and leaves the room, making way for drier air coming from the street.
• Forced ventilation. Air exchange between the basement and the street occurs with the help of additional mechanical blowers. Such a scheme is much more effective than the natural one, but requires some financial costs and constant access to power supply.

Let's look at the pros and cons of each system in a little more detail.

Natural

The natural exhaust system is characterized by ease of installation, the absence of complex regulation mechanisms and autonomy. It is enough to secure two pipes, one of which will serve to remove exhaust air from the room, the other for input.

If the hood is installed in a pit, you can only get by with an outlet pipe. Air can also enter the underground room through an ordinary manhole with a staircase, along which the owner goes down to the cellar.

Among the advantages of natural ventilation are:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Low cost of materials and installation work.
3. No noise.

No installation of fans or other devices required

The main disadvantage of such a system is unstable operation. During the summer, air circulation may stop. In cold weather, frost appears in the pipes, which can cause the hole to become clogged. To avoid problems, special fans need to be installed in the pipes in the summer and insulation should be provided in the winter.

There are other disadvantages of natural ventilation:

1. You cannot regulate the operation of the system.
2. The air cannot be heated or cooled.
3. There are no filters, as a result of which harmful substances from the street can penetrate into the basement.

Forced ventilation of vegetable pit

If the vegetable pit is located in the garage, you should give preference to forced air exchange. The arrangement of such ventilation involves the installation of not only air ducts, but also fans.

Device algorithm

• An air duct is installed near the ceiling of the pit to remove air. The end of this pipe should be 0.5 m above the roof level of the garage.
• At the very bottom of the vegetable pit, at a distance of 10 cm from the floor, a supply branch channel is installed. It extends outward 0.25 cm, connects to a 90° elbow, and is led out through the wall at the bottom of the building to the street.
• With forced ventilation, this circuit is enhanced by fans. The performance of mechanical devices must correspond to the volume of the ventilated room.
• A good option may be a combination of natural and forced air exchange systems. To do this, an exhaust fan is installed in the ventilation duct intended for air removal. It creates an air vortex, forcing air currents out of the vegetable pit. Consequently, while ensuring an influx of fresh air from the supply ventilation duct.

Natural ventilation in a vegetable pit

A vegetable pit can be built in a garage or outdoors. If it is located in a garage, it will most likely be divided by a partition with an inspection hole. However, wherever it is built, it is necessary to consider the ventilation system. An important point is the material from which it was constructed. It could be:

• wood;
• concrete plates;
• brick.

High-quality natural ventilation of vegetable pits largely depends on the insulation of the room.

The simplest option, if the pit is located on the street, may be to install two air ducts of the same cross-sectional diameter. They should be installed in opposite corners. The ventilation duct for air supply is mounted at a distance of 0.2 m from the floor. This duct will pass through the ceiling. From the outside, the pipe must rise above the ground surface by at least 0.2 m. The exhaust pipe is mounted under the ceiling in the ceiling. It is brought out as high as possible from the ceiling surface.

Thanks to the inflow and outflow of air through the ventilation ducts, natural air circulation will occur. It is based on the difference in pressure inside and outside the room. If there is severe frost outside in winter, the ventilation is blocked using dampers.

The only disadvantage of natural air exchange is its dependence on weather conditions. In the warm season, the air can stagnate due to the lack of normal draft. Another important point is to protect ventilation pipes from pests and precipitation. In the first option, you can use a mesh, in the second, a special umbrella made of metal or plastic.

Equipment

For ventilation ducts in garage pits, it is recommended to use asbestos-cement or plastic water pipes. Channels made of galvanized steel will be more expensive and will still become covered with rust over time.

Plastic air ducts are practical, resistant to large amounts of moisture, easy to install and, if necessary, replaced. In addition, they are equipped with various adapters, tees, elbows and other necessary elements, always available for sale.

The ventilation outlets are closed with grilles and small blinds so that birds (for heating in winter) and small rodents cannot get inside the ducts.

Mechanical ventilation is carried out using fans. For garages and cellars, inexpensive axial mechanisms are purchased and installed inside the exhaust and supply openings. At the same time, they provide the necessary air exchange for the garage building.

Duct fans that are mounted inside exhaust pipes can be used. It is advisable to use for large garage buildings with two floors, since they have greater productive capacity than axial mechanisms.

Umbrellas are mounted on the heads of exhaust and supply pipes to prevent precipitation from entering. To enhance draft, diffusers can be installed on the inflows. Turbo deflectors are mounted on exhaust pipes, just like diffusers, they increase draft due to the force of the wind, which creates rarefied pressure inside. A small incandescent light bulb placed in the exhaust vent will also increase the exhaust force by warming the air inside.

Pit construction

After careful planning, you can begin building your own vegetable pit.
The first step is to dig a pit for the future cellar. Then you need to dig a trench in it in which the foundation will be installed. Crushed stone is poured onto the bottom (the thickness of its layer should be at least ten centimeters), and on top of it - construction sand in a layer of fifteen centimeters. Both levels need to be properly compacted and leveled. Then you can fill the base with heated bitumen or another similar composition. If you want to make the storage very reliable, you can put a waterproofing material - for example, roofing felt - directly on the sand and cover it with reinforced concrete on top. However, such work will be more labor-intensive and cost much more. Not all cases require such powerful waterproofing. Sometimes wooden planks are placed on the floor on top of the concrete.

After the floor in the vegetable pit of a garage or private house is filled, you can move on to the walls. They are most often built from concrete or brick. The following requirements are established for them:

• for strength, concrete must be tied with steel reinforcement rods;
• the brickwork should be at least half a brick thick, but better - a whole brick or even one and a half.

The strength of the ceiling is especially important if there is any building above the cellar. Having made a vegetable pit in the garage, it is worth remembering that a car will be standing above it. In the case of a private house, everything is even more serious. If the area at the top is empty, then the requirements for the structure are somewhat reduced - the main thing is that it is reliable and does not collapse down.

The ceiling can be laid out either from bricks laid on boards, or from concrete - in this case you will need a frame made of reinforcement. At this stage, it is necessary to provide all the required openings: the entrance where the ladder and hatch will be installed, and the ventilation passage points. The most convenient place for a crawl space is the center of the underground. In this case, all the walls will remain free, along which it will be possible to install many shelving units. The final stage is insulating the ceiling. To do this, it is coated with bitumen and thermally insulated with foam plastic or expanded clay.

Do-it-yourself water heating in a private house and its installation

Brief overview of the most popular methods

Expanded polystyrene

The first material on the list of what can be used to effectively insulate a vegetable pit is polystyrene foam. Most often, expanded polystyrene slabs are attached to the outside of the cellar when work is underway to lay and insulate the foundation.

Significant advantages of expanded polystyrene are moisture resistance, resistance to rotting and long service life.

Experts advise using expanded polystyrene type PSB-S-25 with a thickness of 5 cm. Plates with such parameters will be quite enough to maintain a stable temperature and prevent walls from freezing even in the most severe frosts.

However, it is not recommended to glue polystyrene foam inside the vegetable pit, since condensation can accumulate between it and the concrete wall, which will gradually “undermine” the foundation.

Hot bitumen

When talking about how to insulate a vegetable pit located in a private house or garage, one cannot help but pay attention to the reliable waterproofing of the ceiling. Hot bitumen is indispensable in this matter.

They should treat the ceiling surface twice.

Glass wool

Using this material, previously steam- and waterproofed, you can insulate the ceiling and the entrance hatch of a vegetable pit.

To protect the glass wool layer from damage during operation, it is covered with clapboard or slate.

Sawdust and cement solution

Sawdust and cement are added in a ratio of 1 to 8. The solution is applied to the inner surface of the walls and ceiling of the vegetable pit in a layer of 15-20 cm, and then after a few days it is plastered.

A mixture of sawdust and cement

Thermal insulation paints

Paints of this type are a new generation material, as they not only prevent the release of heat from the cellar into the environment, but also reflect up to 70% of infrared radiation back into the room.

This effect is achieved due to the vacuum environment inside the paint filler. In addition, they are non-toxic, do not require dilution with solvents and have low flammability.

For comparison: 1 mm of thermal insulation paint protects a vegetable pit from the cold in the same way as a 50 mm layer of mineral wool.

Penoplex

This material also effectively eliminates the cold bridge and is not afraid of moisture. According to its characteristics, a sheet of penoplex with a thickness of 50 mm corresponds to brickwork with a thickness of 740 mm.

There are no fundamental differences between how and what to insulate a pit for storing vegetables and supplies located in a garage or in a private house.

It is required to strictly adhere to safety precautions, which impose some restrictions on household and technical premises. For example, installing refrigeration equipment for storing vegetables in a garage is prohibited.

How to design a vegetable pit in the garage with your own hands

To build a vegetable pit correctly, you will have to understand the main stages of construction.

We build a hole

The cellar begins to be created by digging a pit in which a basement will be built for storing vegetables and preserves. After this, the floor is arranged. To make the floor covering reliable, it is made of several layers. First, the bottom is covered with a small layer of crushed stone, which is compacted with a vibrating plate. Then the compacted crushed stone is covered with construction sand and filled with concrete.

When the flooring has hardened, the walls are finished. A solid brick that is resistant to high humidity is suitable for this. The walls are laid out in such a way that the seams of each subsequent row of bricks do not coincide with the previous one.

After creating the walls, a reliable ceiling is created that can withstand any load. When making a ceiling, boards are laid at the top of the pit, on which reinforcement is laid and concrete is poured. Having finished with the ceiling, you can make a staircase, which is installed near the entrance inside.

Drainage

Before using the vegetable pit, dry the room so that the walls, ceiling and floor are completely dry. There are several methods that help dry out the cellar:

• Place a metal bucket in the center of the basement, fill it with firewood and build a fire. When using this method, you will have to maintain the fire for an hour and a half.
• Place a metal pipe outside and place a burning candle underneath it, which will provide natural draft.

Waterproofing

Sometimes vegetable pits are made in areas with high groundwater levels, which increase humidity. In this case, you need to install waterproofing inside the basement, which will help keep the humidity level within normal limits.

Choice of insulation

To maintain the optimal temperature inside the cellar, additional thermal insulation will be needed. The selected thermal insulation material must have the following properties:

• environmental friendliness;
• chemical safety;
• reliability;
• protection from moisture.

To insulate storage for vegetables, use polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.

Ventilation opening design

Any cellar must have ventilation, since it is responsible for the circulation of oxygen inside. When organizing a ventilation system, they install supply and exhaust pipes. The supply air is located near the floor, and the exhaust is led out through the roof.

Necessary tools and materials for arrangement

Before arranging the cellar under the garage, prepare the necessary materials and tools.

Among the tools that will be used during construction work are the following:

• Bayonet shovel. Used to dig a pit in which the cellar will be built.
• Shovel Used to clean a dug pit from excess soil.
• Hacksaw. An indispensable tool used for sawing wood beams from which the basement walls will be sheathed during insulation.
• Fastening components. To fasten wooden and metal structural elements, nails and screws are used.

You will also need the following materials:

• bricks for creating walls;
• cement mortar;
• insulating materials that will protect the cellar from freezing;
• iron corners;
• wooden beams.

Supply pipe arrangement

The correct location of the pipe is close, but not close to the cellar wall. The end of the channel will be approximately 20 - 50 centimeters from the floor. The end of the pipe must be led out through the foundation block of the garage. To protect the room from the penetration of rodents and other pests, a fine mesh mesh must be installed at the ventilation outlet. The exit should be located just above the foundation blocks, a little further than the main walls of the building. In this way, you can obtain an optimal flow of fresh air into the cellar. This scheme is used when organizing forced and natural ventilation.

Important tips when installing supply ventilation:

• The air intake should take place outside the walls of the garage or other room, preferably away from the gate, so that when entering the pipe, exhaust gases do not enter. You can consider an option so that the supply pipe is located further from the walls of the garage, but you need to think about placement without bends or right angles.
• You can make such a ventilation duct even at the stage of building the cellar. To do this, the space in the wall is limited in the brickwork, with dimensions of approximately half a brick. The masonry must be done according to all the rules, using the same mortar, but have a fairly large hole at the bottom, the end of which will be led out into the street through the garage block.
• The hole in the masonry wall or pipe must be at least 25 centimeters from the walls of the garage. This ensures normal air exchange.
• The diameter of the pipe also matters. Too small will not provide normal air flow, and a large diameter will make operation ineffective due to heat loss. The calculation can be taken as follows: for every cubic meter of room there should be at least 15 mm of pipe. Simple calculations will allow you to obtain a more or less correct section size. The same rules apply to the calculation of the exhaust pipe, so it is better that they are the same. This will additionally help to properly organize air exchange without unnecessary problems.
• For winter, it is necessary to provide insulation of the outer part of the pipe. For these purposes, you can use any insulating material, even rags. If it freezes regularly, you can think of a quick defrosting system, for example, insulating the end with non-flammable materials and building a fire under it.
• A damper must be provided from the inside of the supply ventilation to prevent food from freezing at negative outside temperatures. It is advisable not to completely close the hole; even in severe frost, fresh air should get inside the cellar.
• To prevent the hole from being covered by snow in winter, you need to periodically clear the area or use a large plywood box. It will provide the necessary protection, and the air will not be as cold compared to the other option.

A plastic version can be used as a suitable material for installing the supply pipe. The cross-section of the pipe should be from 8 centimeters; depending on the size of the cellar, you can take more. Plastic pipes have proven themselves to be excellent for such work. They do not corrode, do not accumulate mold and do not rot. Even if fungus or mold appears on the surface, they can be easily treated during the annual disinfection of the basement.

The design of the exhaust pipe is as simple as possible: in the foundation block of the garage you need to make a hole with a diameter of at least 8 - 10 cm. Then remove the pipe of a suitable cross-section, and also install a pest control net. Such a scheme will not help ensure good air flow, but in the absence of another, ventilation of the basement will be ensured.

Arrangement of the floor in the shower

Waterproofing and installing a shower in a wooden house begins with installing the floor. The first layer of waterproofing is placed under the subfloor. This can be a special roll and coating waterproofing material or ordinary roofing felt.

By the way, coating materials have recently gained popularity due to the fact that they can be laid on an uneven surface without pre-treatment with bitumen or primer, which simplifies and speeds up the work. In addition, coating agents do not have such a strong unpleasant odor as roll-based ones.

The materials are laid overlapping on the walls, and it is advisable to additionally reinforce the joints of the walls and the floor with a fiberglass mesh with small cells. This will increase the strength and increase the service life of the materials.

The floor in the shower and bathroom is installed so that it is two centimeters below the floor level of the other rooms and is separated from them by a threshold. This is necessary to prevent water from leaking into other rooms. If a lower floor level in the bathroom compared to other rooms is not planned, a threshold must be installed!

When installing a shower cabin for a wooden house, it is preferable to make a natural tray, which is formed using the walls and floor. A drain ladder is made for the shower, which will subsequently drain water that falls on the floor. The easiest to install is a plastic drain with a dry seal. To install the drain, the floor is made at a slope so that the water itself goes into the drain.

Condensation cause and effect

Condensation in a vegetable pit is a danger to humans

How to make ventilation in a vegetable pit so that condensation does not form in the room during the demi-season periods. After all, due to its formation, not only air ducts can be destroyed, but also the wet walls of a vegetable pit can collapse. To protect yourself, you need to insulate the ventilation pipe. Ideally along the entire length. If this is not possible, thermal insulation is performed only in the area from the ceiling to the umbrella equipped at the end of the duct. With proper insulation, the service life of the ventilation duct will increase, plus condensate will be removed.

Don’t forget about insulating the walls of the vegetable pit, because this factor also prevents the formation of condensation. This can be done using polyurethane foam. It helps to achieve complete sealing of the pit. It has a foamy consistency. It hardens when it hits the surface. It does not form seams or joints and retains its properties for up to 50 years.

Proper ventilation contributes to the preservation of vegetables in the autumn-spring period. In order for air exchange to take place as expected, you need to know that its multiplicity in the garage and other outbuildings must comply with SNiP standards and be equal to 180 m3/per 1 hour.

n – air exchange rate of a given room

V is the volume of the vegetable pit, expressed in m3.

L – air flow.

After all the work has been completed, it is worth testing the ventilation system - check the draft using a piece of paper.

At the end of the gardening period, the task of long-term storage of vitamin preparations arises. It’s easy to get a suitable place to place your harvest by equipping a vegetable pit - it can be placed under the house, in the basement, garage, and even under the loggia. Your supplies will remain fresh for a long time, without the need for any energy consumption. It is quite possible to set up such a storage for vegetables yourself; you can use the simplest tools and materials.

Fruit and vegetable products grown by yourself or purchased for the winter will need to be stored somewhere. No refrigerator can accommodate several boxes of onions and carrots or bags of potatoes. It is possible to make your life easier by arranging a convenient cellar for storing vegetables - in a similar way, you can organize a storage space in natural conditions, with a certain microclimate. In such storage, the crop will remain fresh for a long time.

The most convenient to use is the so-called underground - a vegetable pit in the house or in the garage, because it will not take up additional space on the site, and besides, using such a storage for vitamin preparations, including in cold weather, will be much more convenient than a cellar on the street .

Types of cellars

How to insulate a garage door with your own hands

Nowadays, arranging a cellar with your own hands has become much easier due to the abundance of different materials that can be found in any hardware store. In addition, modern hypermarkets offer ready-made buildings, for which you just need to dig a pit of the required size and carefully compact the earth.

The main types of storage are:

1. Ground cellars. Present in areas with high groundwater levels. Most often, this is a room with a recess into the ground of no more than a meter; it is attached to the selected side of the house directly to the main wall. To maintain the required temperature, high-quality hydro- and thermal insulation is used, as well as earthing from all possible sides. Semi-buried storage cannot be a free-standing structure. This type is built by excavating the soil, pouring the floors and erecting walls to a height of about a couple of meters. The ceiling is wood, concrete or slate. An important point will be the placement of the entrance: it should be at ground level and be insulated with foam plastic.

Think about arranging a cellar in the garage when creating it

1. In-ground storage is one of the most popular and widespread. This type often acts as a separate building; many build it directly under ready-made residential buildings. This type of cellar can be built in an area with deep groundwater, otherwise flooding during the spring flood will be difficult to avoid. Recessed ones include a variety of capsules, barrel cellars, and ready-made plastic containers. The shelf life of each of them is individual, but, as a rule, is no more than 50 years. After this time, it is recommended to replace the container, since earth and other factors reduce the strength of the materials from which they were made.

Building a cellar with your own hands is considered a classic of the genre, so you can be completely sure that everything is done according to the rules and only high-quality materials are used.

Basic requirements for construction technology

There are several key requirements for a vegetable pit

When completing a project, it is necessary to indicate in it the dimensions of the future pit. Its depth should ideally be approximately 2-2.2 meters, width - 1.5. It will be quite comfortable to be in, and the temperature can be easily maintained at +5 degrees.

This is optimal for storing vegetables - they will not spoil and retain maximum nutrients. Humidity must be maintained at 90% so that the vegetables do not wrinkle and dry out.

If the groundwater level fluctuates at 1-1.5 meters from the surface, and it is difficult to choose another place for the hole, you can try to install a drainage system. In some cases, it may also be necessary to provide good waterproofing.

Of course, this will result in some costs, both in terms of finances and labor. But if you neglect this stage, you should prepare for the fact that sooner or later the water will find a loophole and penetrate inside.

It is recommended to insulate the walls - any heat-insulating material in the form of plates that is well resistant to moisture, for example, polystyrene foam, is suitable for this.

Sand and crushed stone are laid at the bottom, then bitumen or other similar material is poured onto this cushion. It is best to install the flooring in the form of a reinforced concrete slab. If it is impossible to provide this option, strong boards are laid on the base.

The simplest option is to build natural ventilation, for which two pipes are used, placing them at different heights from the floor surface in the garage. One pipe is a supply pipe, the other is an exhaust pipe, and their outer ends should be brought out as high as possible.

This ensures a constant flow of fresh air. This helps keep vegetables in edible condition longer.

Waterproofing materials

1. Penetrating materials Allow you to block the flow of moisture through small capillaries in concrete. It consists of a cement mixture, chemically active substances and fine sand. The plasticity of the structure and fine grain size contribute to deep penetration into the thickness of the surface (up to 10 cm) with subsequent crystallization in it. Occupying the capillaries, the crystals prevent the flow of water through them.

An additional advantage of using materials of this type is that concrete is more resistant to low temperatures, prevents the growth of bacteria, and lacks toxic components. Penetrating materials include Hydrotex, whose penetration depth is 10 cm, and Penetron, which can penetrate 20 cm inside the wall.

Important! These types of insulating materials are applied only to the wet concrete surface and are very effective in increasing the concrete's ability to withstand the effects of groundwater.

2. Painting materials Materials of this type include bitumen, polymer, bitumen-polymer and polymer-cement mixture. They are applied in three or more layers, the thickness of which ranges from 2 to 6 mm. The inclusion of polymers, such as latex, in the mixture improves the properties of the materials. Mastic containing nairite (BNM) is used at low temperatures, applied in a layer of 4 mm.

Materials containing epoxy resins have less ductility and may shrink. Epoxy-tar mastic is more durable, it practically does not shrink and does not combine with the ice that forms outside during severe frosts. Epoxy insulation containing furan has some toxicity even though it is applied in small layers.

The disadvantage of materials containing epoxy resins is considered to be excessive rigidity, but their advantages include the possibility of use for both external and internal waterproofing, ease of application and low cost.

3. Pasting materials have been the most popular for many years. These include roofing felt, roofing felt and other materials in rolls. They are laid on the floor on a layer of mortar before pouring the concrete screed. In addition to roll types, polymer materials in sheets can be used. Typically, materials are laid in three layers, between which polymer primers are used as an adhesive composition - for materials made from polymers, molten bitumen - respectively, for materials containing bitumen.

4. Impregnating materials are applied to the cellar floor made of wood, prepared for facing with ceramic tiles and laying linoleum. These are waterproofing mixtures that contain substances with astringent qualities - bitumen, polymer-based varnish.

5. Cast type waterproofing This is one of the most reliable methods of waterproofing. A structure in the form of a fence is installed above the surface of the cellar. The resulting space is filled with mastics or other special solutions. After they harden, a continuous waterproofing surface is obtained. According to the temperature values ​​of the poured mass, cold, hot and asphalt-polymer types of cast waterproofing are divided.

When creating waterproofing, it is necessary to take into account that all its types, excluding rolled ones, must have a continuous surface

Particular attention should be paid to seams and joints on the surface. In a cellar room that has a well-functioning ventilation system, waterproofing is more effective.

Waterproofing the cellar helps protect not only the cellar itself, but also the entire house from high humidity. This increases its service life and allows you to create an optimal microclimate in it. Methods of waterproofing, type of material and method of its application and combination with other types are selected based on the characteristics of the structure and existing conditions.

A vegetable pit can be made by any home craftsman with your own hands, the main thing is to choose the materials, as well as decide on the technology for carrying out the work.

Characteristics and types

The flexible hose for connecting plumbing is a hose of different lengths made of non-toxic synthetic rubber. Thanks to the elasticity and softness of the material, it easily takes the desired position and allows installation in hard-to-reach places. To protect the flexible hose, there is an upper reinforcing layer in the form of a braid, which is made from the following materials:

• Aluminum. Such models can withstand no more than +80 °C and retain functionality for 3 years. At high humidity, aluminum braiding is prone to rust.
• Of stainless steel. Thanks to this reinforcing layer, the service life of the flexible water line is at least 10 years, and the maximum temperature of the transported medium is +95 °C.
• Nylon. This braid is used for the manufacture of reinforced models that can withstand temperatures up to +110 °C and are designed for intensive use for 15 years.

The fasteners used are nut-nut and nut-fitting pairs, which are made of brass or stainless steel. Devices with different permissible temperatures differ in the color of the braid. Blue ones are used to connect to a pipeline with cold water, and red ones for hot water.

When choosing a water line, you need to pay attention to its elasticity, reliability of fasteners and purpose. It is also mandatory to have a certificate that prevents the rubber from releasing toxic components during operation.

We fall asleep, tamp and level the floor

If several types of backfill are used, each backfilled layer must be compacted using a hand tamper. Let's consider the situation when crushed stone and sand are used. First, crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the pit and compaction is carried out. The thickness of the compacted layer must be at least one hundred millimeters.

Next, sand is poured and compacted (layer thickness - fifty millimeters). After this, crushed stone is poured (layer thickness - five centimeters). You can only make 2 layers of one hundred millimeters each. It all depends on how wet the soil is. After filling and compacting, the floor is leveled, for which you can use the same manual tamper.

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Technical features of ventilation ducts

When designing ventilation, it is necessary to decide what material to install the ventilation pipe from. It can be:

• metal pipes;
• PVC pipes;
• asbestos pipes.

The options for metal ventilation ducts are varied. It can be stainless steel, galvanized steel, aluminum.

Stainless steel channels

Stainless steel pipes withstand temperature changes well, do not corrode, are durable, and fire resistant. Therefore, by installing such an air duct, you can protect the ventilation system from the growth of fungi and mold in it.

Galvanized pipes

Air ducts made of galvanized steel can withstand temperatures up to +85 C° and are resistant to moderate air humidity - up to 60%. Relatively light in weight, so no additional effort is required when installing the ventilation duct. They are often installed in dry rooms with ventilation equipment.

Aluminum pipes

They are semi-rigid and flexible. They are made of aluminum foil, the thickness of which is 0.08-012 mm. They can be easily bent. They are heat-resistant, can withstand + 135 C°, flexible, and rigid air ducts can withstand temperatures up to + 300 C°. Semi-rigid air ducts can be installed outdoors according to all their characteristics.

Asbestos air ducts

An asbestos-cement pipe can reach 5 m in length. Section diameter ranges from 100 to 500 mm. They are classified into pressure and non-pressure. Pipes can withstand temperatures of + 300 C°. They absorb condensation. Such air ducts are not subject to corrosion, but they are very fragile. There is a version that asbestos is harmful to health (Directive 1999/77/EC banning the use of asbestos).

PVC pipes

PVC ventilation ducts are often used to provide ventilation in residential and commercial premises. Pipes can withstand temperatures from – 30 C° to +70 C°. The smooth inner surface of the inner part creates low dynamic resistance when passing air currents. The pipes are resistant to moisture. The range of cross-section diameters and lengths of air ducts is very wide.

Step-by-step guide to making a viewing hole

You can install the inspection pit yourself. There is nothing complicated about this if you follow the detailed instructions.

How to determine size

To calculate the area of ​​the future inspection pit, you need to take into account the thickness of the walls and base. For such calculations, it is necessary to remember the geometry course and resort to a simple formula that determines the area - S = ah, where a is the length, h is the width of the pit. The finished inspection pit will have dimensions of 75x185x300 cm. The thickness of the concrete walls and floor, as a rule, is about 10 cm. The calculations will be as follows: 0.85x3 = 2.55 m² - this is the area of ​​the pit for the inspection pit.

Comfortable work in the inspection pit is created by a correctly calculated space, namely, its parameters should be convenient for the build of the person in it. Typically, the width of the pit is built in the range from 70 to 75 cm. This width is enough for you to move freely inside. The same distance between the walls makes the observation structure convenient for a passenger car to enter.

The pit may be wider if the inspection pit is intended for large vehicles or trucks. The distance between the inner sides of the wheels of such vehicles is much larger (from 80 to 90 cm).

The inspection pit is arranged in such a way that the walls are slightly narrower towards the floor. Schematically, in cross-section, its design resembles an inverted trapezoid. This shape provides convenient access to tools in niches and free movement.

The length of the inspection hole is selected based on the size of the garage. If the space of the room allows, then a staircase can be provided in the pit. To do this, the length of the pit is increased by 100–120 cm.

Depth of the pit “with reserve” for installing the floor

The height of the pit is at least 170–180 cm. These dimensions are relative, since the depth is made in accordance with the height of the car owner. While in the inspection hole, a person should not touch the bottom of the car with his head.

For additional safety of the car and its owner, the inspection hole is equipped with metal limiters. They usually consist of four pillars fixed at the corners of a niche. They rise 10–15 cm above it. Sometimes for technical inspection, not four pillars, but two metal corners are used. They are fastened against each other along the edges of the length of the pit.

The depth should be 25–30 cm greater than the owner’s height. With this distance from the base to the body, the arms will not get tired quickly, as this makes it possible for them to be in a bent position.

Materials and tools

Most often, concrete, wood, metal or brick are used for manufacturing.

To calculate the required amount of concrete, you must use a formula that determines the volume. To do this, you need to multiply the length, width and height of the wall. Similar calculations are carried out for the floor.

If brick is used in the construction of the pit, then, knowing its parameters, it is easy to calculate the required amount of this material in pieces. The dimensions of the red brick are 250x120x60 mm.

When building a viewing hole, you cannot do without the following tools:

• shovel and bayonet shovel;
• buckets for excavated earth and concrete mixture;
• trowels;
• welding machine;
• hacksaws.

The following materials are also required:

• bricks;
• cement, sand, crushed stone;
• concrete M200 for the base;
• boards with a section of 400x50 mm;
• reinforcing bars;
• metal corner 50 mm wide;
• waterproofing material.

Instructions for making an inspection pit from bricks, boards, concrete and iron

All work must be done in a strict sequence of steps:

1. Before making a hole in the garage, you need to mark the area. After the pit has been dug, its bottom can be covered with a raised floor or convenient stands can be built. If the soil is unstable, it must be strengthened with boards and spacers. Remember that loosened earth is 25–30% larger in volume than the dimensions of the pit. It should not be removed immediately, since part of the soil will be needed to compact the space between the pit wall and the brickwork (concrete, metal sheet, boards). Another part of the earth will be needed to level the floor throughout the garage.
2. At the stage of forming the pit, it is necessary to take care of equipping niches in the walls. They are convenient for holding lighting fixtures, tools, and materials. It is recommended to place niches at elbow height. You don't have to bend over for the tool.

   
   It’s more convenient to put the soil in a wheelbarrow to take it out immediately

3. When the pit is dug, it is necessary to level and compress its bottom. For this, a tamper is used, which can be constructed using self-tapping screws, thick (100 to 150 mm in diameter) and thin timber (for the handle). To do this, attach a thin one to the end of one side of a thick beam. The design will resemble the letter “T”, with the striking part at its base. Pour medium-sized gravel onto the prepared surface and compact it.
4. Then you need to prepare the concrete mixture for pouring the floor. To make the base more durable, it must be reinforced with metal mesh or rods. The dimensions of the cells in the metal frame should not exceed 15 cm. The grating should not be allowed to touch the bottom of the pit.

   
   The reinforcement grid will make the bottom of the inspection pit more durable

5. Pour concrete, completely covering the metal frame. It will take from 7 to 21 days for the mixture to harden. It depends on the air temperature.
6. When the concrete has completely hardened, you can begin building walls in the inspection pit.

Features of installation of partitions depend on the material used.

Concrete inspection pit

Before pouring the mixture, it is necessary to make formwork. For this, it is best to use OSB boards. This material does not allow the poured mixture to pass through and does not deform over time. The plates are fastened together using boards and screws so that the distance between them is at least 15 cm.

To maintain the shape of a wooden structure, it must be secured with spacers. Gaps in the joints of the slabs should be absent or minimal. A reinforcing mesh should be installed inside the finished formwork.

There is an option for pouring concrete with one-sided formwork. To do this, it is necessary to cover the walls of the pit with waterproofing material. Next, OSB boards are installed along the inner perimeter of the pit. A metal mesh is placed between them and the waterproofing. Concrete is poured inside this structure.

After the concrete has hardened, a monolithic structure is obtained.

Brick inspection pit

A waterproofing sheet is placed in the finished pit. It should completely cover the floor and walls. The canvas must be laid with an overlap. To prevent the edges of the material from lifting up, they are pressed down with boards. A half-brick masonry is made on top of the waterproofing. When the wall reaches a height of 135 cm, you can make niches and then continue laying to the top edge of the pit. It is recommended to install a metal frame from a corner on the last row, and it should be welded in such a way that one shelf on each side is parallel to the floor. Thick boards will be laid on it to cover the pit. Next, they pour the concrete floor in the garage.

This method of masonry makes the walls more durable

Inspection pit made of metal sheets (caisson)

This design resembles a large box. During its manufacture, the sheets must be joined by continuous welding. The finished structure must be carefully treated with anti-corrosion coatings. The box should be equipped with fasteners. They are welded metal corners that rest 100–150 cm into the ground. They are attached to the body on four sides. They will hold the box in place. If this is not done, the entire structure will simply float when the groundwater level rises.

The staircase is made of the same material

Inspection pit made of wooden planks

Wood without proper treatment quickly rots. Therefore, the material must be impregnated with special antifungal substances and additionally waterproofed . It is better to take thick boards for walls. The material is installed horizontally. Spacers are secured along the edges of the narrow sides of the inspection hole.

For reliability, the bottom of the pit is made of concrete

Waterproofing device

This process is carried out both before the construction of the structure (external insulation) and after its construction (internal insulation).

If the garage is located in an area with a low groundwater level, then many owners are in no hurry to isolate the inspection hole from moisture. However, the hydrological situation of any area changes every year, so it is recommended to take care of insulation at the construction stage. For this purpose, special films or membranes are used, for example, butyl rubber, aquaizol. They need to be laid in a pit. The edges of the material should be laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm. To obtain a sealed seam at the overlap, use double-sided tape.

When installing a film or membrane, it is important not to damage its integrity. Otherwise, moisture from the soil will enter the hole.

The laid waterproofing layer is melted using a blowtorch. As a result, the film straightens, fitting more tightly to the walls and bottom of the inspection pit.

The overlap of the material will prevent moisture from seeping into the pit

Do-it-yourself internal waterproofing of an inspection pit in a garage involves treating the surface of the finished inspection structure with liquid substances, which, when dry, form a dense water-repellent layer. The composition for treating swimming pools has proven itself well. It is applied with a thick, wide brush, and when it hardens, the substance forms a waterproof material resembling rubber. For greater reliability, more than two layers should be applied.

Insulating material can be applied using a spray gun

There is another way of internal insulation from moisture - this is the use of special cement-based primers, which tend to be deeply absorbed into the applied material. This effect is achieved thanks to the polymer particles that are in the mixture. They block capillaries that allow moisture to penetrate through the base material.

How to close a finished inspection hole

A covered inspection hole will not only protect the car from accidental failure, but will also serve as an additional waterproofing layer. In the absence of a cover, evaporated moisture settles on the lower parts of the car body, thereby creating favorable conditions for the formation of metal corrosion. To avoid such problems, the inspection hole is covered. For this purpose, sheets of metal or boards are used.

Wood is a relatively inexpensive and lightweight material. If necessary, the boards are easy to replace. They are selected from hard woods, such as oak and larch. Before use, the boards are coated with antifungal impregnations and antiseptic substances. They are placed in the openings of metal corners fixed at the top of the inspection hole. The thickness of each board must be more than 40 mm.

The most suitable option for this purpose are boards

Using metal is less convenient, since this material is heavy, expensive, and not resistant to corrosion. During use, its surface bends.

Video: DIY inspection hole in the garage