Let us theoretically consider options for heating a cottage with an area of 285 sq.m. with the possibility of using various energy sources. According to calculations, for heating a house, taking into account infiltration, ventilation, and humidification, 34 kW of useful power is required. When comparing the costs of heating a house, depending on the fuel used, we will proceed from the same conditions: each boiler is in operation for the same amount of time, and the heating season is 7 months. We will compare the cost of heating costs for the same house, under the same conditions.
If the boiler operated continuously, then per month it would be necessary: 34 kW X 24 hours X 31 days = 25,519 kW*hour of energy. We will assume that the boiler will work approximately 1/2 of the time, so we divide 25,519 kWh by 2 and get 12,760 kWh. These are the costs for 1 month of the heating season. Multiply by 7 months of the heating season and get 89,317 kWh.
| The cost of natural gas for the population is 5,005 rubles. per 1000 m3. The cost of producing 1 kWh of thermal energy using natural gas is 0.5 rubles. Now we multiply 89,317 kWh by the cost of 1 kWh when using mains gas as an energy source in a heating system with a highly efficient gas boiler AFUE (90%) and get heating costs for the entire heating period in the amount of 44 thousand 660 rubles. | |
| Heating with liquefied gas. 1 liter of propane-butane mixture costs 16 rubles. 1 kW*hour costs 2.5 rubles. with AFUE of the boiler 90% Multiplying (89,317 kW*hour) by the cost of 1 kW*hour (2.5 rubles) we get 223 thousand 300 rubles. when heating a house with propane-butane mixtures. | |
| The cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel is 26 rubles. 1 kW*hour costs 2.8 rubles, when using a diesel air heater with AFUE 80% in the heating system. We multiply (89,317 kW*hour) by the cost of 1 kW*hour (2.8 rubles) and we get expenses in the amount of 250,000 rubles . for the heating season. | |
| To obtain thermal energy in the amount of 1 kWh, it is necessary to consume approximately 1.03 kWh of electrical energy. The cost of 1 kWh of electricity varies in different regions. For individuals in St. Petersburg, the cost of electricity is 3.39 rubles per 1 kWh. The cost of obtaining 1 kW of thermal energy when heating with electricity is 3.5 rubles. Multiplying (89,317 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh (3.5 rubles), heating costs are equal to 312 thousand 610 rubles. | |
| Calculation of home heating costs when operating a solid fuel boiler (AFUE 78%). We use firewood as fuel. 1 kg of firewood costs on average about 3 rubles. The cost of obtaining 1 kW of thermal energy by burning wood is approximately 0.9 rubles. Next, we multiply the resulting cost of energy (0.9 rubles) by the required amount of this energy to heat the house during the entire heating season (89,317 kWh) and get costs of 80 thousand 385 rubles. in a year . | |
| Let's consider fuel in the form of wood chips, briquettes or pellets (granules) as an energy carrier for solid fuel boilers. The calorific value of 1 kg of pellets is 5 kWh. The cost of 1 kg of pellets is from 5,300 rubles. up to 6,400 rub. for 1 ton. The cost of 1 kWh is 1.33 rubles. The costs will be 118,790 rubles. | |
| Calculation of costs when operating a solid fuel boiler (AFUE 78%). Let's take coal as an energy carrier. The cost of coal is 7,700 rubles. for 1 ton. The cost of obtaining 1 kW of energy by burning coal is 1.6 rubles. We multiply (89,317 kW*hour) by the cost of 1 kW*hour (1.6 rubles) and we get expenses for the heating season of 142 thousand . 900 rubles. |
| Fuel | Unit. | Price, rub.) | Cost 1kWh (rub.) | Per season (RUB) |
| Dry firewood | kg | 3 rub. | 0.9 rub. | RUB 80,385 |
| Coal | kg | 7.7 rub. | 1.6 rub. | RUB 142,900 |
| Pellets | kg | 6 rub. | 1.33 rub. | RUB 118,790 |
| Diesel fuel | l | 26 rub. | 2.8 rub. | 250,000 rub. |
| Main gas | m 3 | 5 rub. | 0.5 rub. | RUB 44,660 |
| LPG (propane-butane) | l | 16 rub. | 2.5 rub. | RUB 223,300 |
| Electricity | kWh | RUR 3.39 | 3.5 rub. | RUB 312,610 |
The figures given here do not indicate that this is exactly the amount it will cost to heat a house. Costs can be either less or more. It very much depends on how well the house is built and how cold the outside temperature will be in winter. The heating system will maintain a temperature of 24 degrees constantly in the house or only when necessary when the owners or guests are staying in it. There are many technical possibilities for reducing the material costs of heating a house when no one is temporarily living in it or is absent. These figures give an idea of what type of fuel is currently the most optimal as an energy carrier for a home heating system. It is worth remembering that in addition to fuel costs, there are other operating costs, in particular service costs. Based on this parameter, we can say that the minimum costs will be when using an electric boiler, and the maximum when using liquid fuel. When choosing the best option for heating your home, it is worth comparing not only operating costs, but also the initial investment in installing and installing the system and equipment, as well as all additional functions and capabilities.
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Comparison of the cost of heating a country house using different types of heating
If the cottage is located in a gasified village, then gas will be the optimal solution with almost no options. If there is no gas pipe, then options are possible, starting with a traditional coal boiler and ending with an innovative heat pump. When choosing a heating system for a country house, it is necessary to take into account three variables: the cost of arranging the system, the cost of operation and ease of maintenance.
Below is an approximate calculation of the annual cost of heating a house with an area of 100 m² and a ceiling height of 2.7 m using various types of fuel (electricity, diesel, natural gas, Cooper Hunter air-to-air heat pump, coal, wood, liquefied gas and heated floors with an infrared system heating).
When comparing costs, we will proceed from the same conditions: the boiler is in operation for approximately half of the total time, and the heating season lasts 7 months.
As a guide, heating 1 m² (up to 3 m³) of a well-insulated room requires approximately 100 W of thermal power (regardless of the fuel used, boiler power is usually measured in kW).
Therefore, for a house with an area of 100 m², a boiler with a capacity of approximately 10 kW will be required.
If the boiler operated continuously, then per month it would be needed: 10 kW x 24 hours x 30 days = 7200 kWh. Taking into account that the boiler will operate approximately half the time (or half the maximum power), we divide 7200 kWh by 2 and get 3600 kWh. These are the costs for an average month of the heating season. We multiply by 7 months of the heating season, and we get 25,200 kWh per year.
Depending on various factors (outside temperature, wall insulation, etc.), this figure can change either up or down. But for comparing costs when using heating using different types of fuel, this is not important. After all, we will compare costs for the same house under the same conditions.
Heating costs using a solid fuel boiler running on wood:
It is almost impossible to name the exact cost of “firewood”. There are many factors that influence this parameter, including the type of wood, humidity, chopped wood or not, etc. Let's try to give average data. The average cost of firewood without delivery is 1,500 rubles. for 1 m³. The mass of 1 m³ of firewood is approximately 480 kg. That is, 1 kg of firewood costs on average about 3.13 rubles. To obtain 1 kWh of thermal energy, approximately 0.4 kg of firewood is consumed. The cost of obtaining 1 kWh of thermal energy by burning wood is approximately 1.25 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using firewood (1.24 rubles) = 31,500 rubles/year.
Heating costs using a gas boiler running on natural (main) gas:
The cost of natural gas in the Moscow region is 5.34 rubles/m³. To produce 1 kWh of thermal energy, approximately 0.1 m³ of gas is consumed. The cost of producing 1 kWh of thermal energy using natural gas is approximately 0.53 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using main gas (0.53 rubles) = 13,356 rubles/year.
Heating costs using a solid fuel boiler running on coal:
The cost of coal, depending on its quality, is approximately 10 rubles. for 1 kg. To obtain 1 kWh of thermal energy, approximately 0.13 kg of anthracite is consumed. The cost of obtaining 1 kWh of thermal energy by burning coal is approximately 1.30 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using coal (1.30 rubles) = 32,760 rubles/year.
Heating costs with an electric boiler:
To obtain thermal energy of 1 kWh, approximately 1.03 kWh of electricity is consumed. The cost of 1 kWh of electricity in the Moscow region is 3.53 rubles. The cost of obtaining 1 kWh of thermal energy using electric heating is 3.64 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using electricity (3.53 rubles) = 91,728 rubles/year.
Heating costs using a liquid fuel boiler running on diesel fuel:
The cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel is 39 rubles. To obtain 1 kWh of thermal energy, approximately 0.1 liter of diesel fuel is consumed (depending on the efficiency of the boiler, etc.). The cost of 1 kWh is approximately 3.90 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using diesel fuel (3.90 rubles) = 98,280 rubles/year.
Heating costs using a gas boiler running on liquefied gas:
To obtain 1 kWh of thermal energy, approximately 0.1 kg of liquefied gas is consumed (depending on the efficiency of the boiler, etc.). 1 kg of liquefied gas costs 29.8 rubles. The cost of 1 kWh in this case is approximately 2.98 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kW*h) by the cost of 1 kW*h when using liquefied gas (2.98 rubles) = 75,096 rubles/year.
Costs for infrared heating using underfloor heating with an IR heating system:
The average electricity consumption of 1 m² is 30 Wh. Thus, the monthly energy consumption for heating a house with an area of 100 m² will be 0.03 kW x 100 m x 24 hours x 30 days = 2160 kWh. These are the costs for an average month of the heating season. We multiply by 7 months of the heating season, and we get 15120 kWh per year. The cost of 1 kWh is 3.53 rubles. (Moscow region). We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (17640 kWh) by the cost of 1 kWh when using electricity (3.53 rubles) = 53,374 rubles/year.
Heating costs with the COOPER HUNTER air-to-air heat pump:
Taking into account that the energy efficiency coefficient for heating operation (COP) is 3.72, approximately 0.269 kW of electricity is consumed to produce 1 kWh of thermal energy. The cost of 1 kWh of electricity in the Moscow region is 3.53 rubles. The cost of obtaining 1 kWh of thermal energy using a heat pump is 0.95 rubles. We multiply the annual costs of thermal energy (25,200 kW*h) by the cost of 1 kW*h when using a heat pump (0.95 rubles) = 23,940 rubles/year.
So it turns out that the option with a liquid fuel boiler is inferior to the option with main gas, which in turn is inferior to a solid fuel boiler. Why then are liquid fuel boilers often used for heating country houses? The fact is that not in all cases it is possible to connect to the gas mains (even for a lot of money) or to obtain the electrical power necessary for heating the house, and not many people want to constantly load firewood or coal. Not to mention cleaning the chimney and the boiler itself.
The COOPER HUNTER air-to-air heat pump shows high results in the categories listed below and is the best solution for heating a country house in the absence of mains gas.
Below are approximate one-time costs for creating a heating system for a country house of 100 m² and a ceiling height of 2.7 m, located in the Moscow region. They consist of the cost of equipment, installation work and additional costs:
Heating a house with electricity - cheap or not?
Answers:
Stepan Savelyev
15.10.2020
Experts conducted market research to find out what type of heating for private houses is the most profitable, comfortable and safe. The most modern and progressive types of home heating were considered - gas and electric.
Choosing heating for a private home
As you know, if liquefied or natural gas is already supplied, gas heating will be the best option. But not everything is so simple! Let's look at everything in detail. If electricity has already been installed in the house, but gas has not yet been installed, electric heating will be the optimal solution. The cost of installing gas communications will be 300–600 thousand rubles. This money will not be “recovered” for a long time, even at the expense of a modest amount of monthly gas payments.
Cost of equipment and its installation
The cost of equipment and installation work is up to 442,500 rubles when choosing the following types of heating:
- liquefied gas;
- natural gas;
- electric boiler
The cost of installing a heating system for a private house with heated floors averages about 245,000 rubles, of which 160,000 rubles are the cost of equipment, 85,000 rubles are the cost of installation work.
Annual Maintenance Cost
Heating a house with gas requires annual inspections and debugging of the system. Heating using natural gas requires regular maintenance of the gas boiler and other components of the system. Systems operating on liquefied gas require annual inspection of the gas tank and other components. The cost of these works averages about 4,000 rubles.
Avarit heating systems and an electric boiler for heating a house do not require annual inspection and debugging. Therefore, this expense item is missing.
Warm floors for home heating from "Avarit"
Avarit LLC has been distributing, selling and installing heating systems for many years. The company's portfolio includes hundreds of completed projects, including the implementation of projects for full heating of housing and smart home systems. Reliable heating mats and heating infrared film from the Heatus brand (South Korea) have proven themselves well. Cable mats are suitable for installation directly into the screed or into the adhesive layer when installing tiles and porcelain tiles. Infrared film is installed under laminate, parquet or tongue and groove boards, and linoleum.
The innovative LamiPol® heating system can also be installed under a wooden floor, linoleum or laminate. This domestic development is based on declassified technologies from the space industry. Laminated infrared floors are highly durable and remain functional even with spot damage. Due to its low power density (160 W/m2), LamiPol® is advantageous to use even in homes with limited energy consumption. The system also includes a Zont control controller (or any other smart home system).
Calculation of the cost of 1 kW for different types of heating
For better clarity, let’s perform calculations for a typical object. Let us assume that it is necessary to heat a two-story house with an area of 130 m2. Heating is required for 7 months of the year. The normal operating life of a heating system is at least 30 years. To determine which heating method is the most economical, the efficiency of different heating systems and the total cost of 1 kW of energy were calculated.
Efficiency:
- natural or liquefied gas – 90%;
- electric boiler – 98%;
- heating the house with heated floors - 99%.
Energy price taking into account efficiency, rub./kW:
- natural gas – 0.8;
- liquefied gas – 3.20;
- electric boiler – 4.25;
- heating system “Avarit” – 4, 20.
The calculation results show that with gas communications already installed, heating a house with gas is indeed the most profitable option.
However, if you calculate all the installation costs of a heating system and operating costs over 30 years of operation, the situation changes.
Total energy price, rub./kW:
- natural gas – 2.33;
- liquefied gas – 4.82;
- electric boiler – 4.95;
- heating system "Avarit" - 4.59.
Thus, heating a house with electricity can be a worthy competitor to gas heating, and electric heating of a house with Avarit heated floors is more profitable from a financial point of view than installing an electric boiler.
Other advantages of heating systems from Avarit
One of the significant advantages of heating a private house with electricity using Avarit systems is the ability to create “smart heating”. In this case, it will be possible to remotely adjust the heating parameters. For example, during the working day, when no one is home, you can set the minimum temperature, which will help reduce energy costs. By the time household members return from work, the system will automatically increase the heating so that people return to a warm and cozy home. It is also possible to turn off heating in rooms where it is not currently needed. “Smart heating” is controlled using an application that can be installed on a smartphone or home PC or laptop. Automatically generated charts will help you track your energy consumption.
When choosing electric heating from Avarit, you can choose a heating system taking into account the desired installation method. There are options for both “dry” installation and classic heated floors for installation under tiles.
Advantages of underfloor heating for heating a home:
- the ability to install under different types of main floor (you can choose a model that matches your finishing coating);
- uniform heating;
- lack of visible communications;
- eliminating the risk of power grid overload;
- high fire safety;
- reliability and high maintainability.
All types of heated floors are controlled using thermostats, which allows you to control the heating level even in the absence of a “smart heating” system.
Main conclusions
Gas costs less than electricity, but gas equipment requires preliminary investments of up to 600,000 rubles. Heating a house with electricity is cheap, especially if gas communications are not installed. Heating systems from Avarit do not require initial investments, are characterized by low cost of equipment and installation, are convenient and practical.
