Gas burner for solid fuel boiler

The central element of a gas boiler should be considered the burner. All other components are built around it.

A lot depends on how this unit is designed, and first of all, the efficiency of the boiler, so the owner of an autonomous heating system should have a good understanding of this issue.

Our material will serve as a good assistant in this important matter. At the same time, let's see how to make a gas burner for a boiler with your own hands.

Working principle and requirements

In the burner, the burned gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, chemical reactions occur. reaction producing carbon dioxide and water.

The process occurs with the release of heat energy. The energy heats up the coolant in the next working unit – the heat exchanger. Gaseous, liquid and solid substances are discharged into the street in one way or another.

What requirements must the burner meet:

conventional design, reliability;
long service life;
low noise level;
ease of switching from one fuel to another (if it is provided for in the boiler design);
The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during fire makes the boiler practically environmentally friendly. Of course, the chimney and exhaust pipe must be arranged correctly.

Classification by air supply method

This option depends on the design of the combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber can be open or closed.

In the first option, the air intake is performed directly from the room, and combustion gases exit through an ordinary chimney.

Another option implies that both air intake and smoke exhaust are carried out using coaxial tubes passing through through holes in the wall.

Low temperature burner

In open fireboxes, gas burners are used for heating boilers.

The working principle is simple: gas enters the wick through an ejector, air is drawn from the room by the heat generating unit.

Ignition is performed by small low-temperature flames. This type can be used in a wide variety of boilers, from conventional units of an old design to modern advanced models.

In addition to simplicity, low cost and versatility, gas burners have another advantage: low noise level.

Possibility of using ejector burners

If you have enough cash to purchase a multi-fuel boiler, you are lucky: two independent combustion chambers, you can switch from wood-fired heating to gas and vice versa without much effort (review of types of gas heating boilers for a private home). But multifunctional/universal boilers are not an economical option.

For example, you already have a wood chip boiler, and you want to convert it into a gas boiler - there are many options for automation, and there are fewer difficulties with the supply of fuel. Atmospheric burners for solid fuel heating boilers are in most cases atmospheric: the device is ordinary, there is virtually nothing to break.

Do-it-yourself atmospheric burners for heating boilers work on a similar principle. To use this device, you do not need to radically reconstruct the entire heating unit.

If, for example, you are converting a wood chip boiler into a gas boiler, you can use an ash pan to install the burner, and connect an automatic device from the outside for control and adjustment.

Atmospheric burners for outdated heating boilers of domestic production are also recommended to be purchased of the atmospheric type: the design features of such units do not make it possible to make the fuel chambers completely sealed, and therefore quite effective.

Some solid fuel boilers (for example, gas generator models) are already equipped with atmospheric burners for ignition.

Pressurized burner (pressurized)

In closed fireboxes, free flow of air to the wick is impossible, so they resort to artificial injection. The combustion chamber includes a built-in fan that forces air into the chamber forcibly.

This burner is not as versatile as the previous one, but it has another advantage: it is easier to integrate into a fully automatic boiler control system (about heat supply schemes for a private house with a gas hot water heater).

The fan burner multiblock includes the following parts:

gas filter;
pressure regulator;
flow regulator;
gearbox;
relay for turning off and forcibly turning on the burner when pressure drops/increases;
fan relay (turns off the burner when the fan motor stops).

It is best to have an uninterruptible power supply in the system in case of a sudden power outage.

The disadvantages of this type of burner are high price and complexity. Boilers for them need to be completely reconstructed; they are not suitable for all units.

Recommendations for storage and disassembly

All gas appliances require careful handling and compliance with safe operation rules. Therefore, it is not recommended to repair malfunctions without permission or disassemble the burner and the gas boiler itself.

In order to avoid emergency situations, as well as to ensure the correct and efficient operation of the device, it is best to contact the gas company with which you have a maintenance agreement. Calling a specialist will be the most reasonable decision, because the price of your life and the lives of the people around you is much higher than calling a specialist.

As for storing household gas burners, everything is simple. They must be stored in a dry and ventilated area to avoid corrosion of metal parts.

Make sure that there is no moisture inside your boiler's heating system; if the outlets are rusty, then most likely there is moisture present. If you plan to leave the gas boiler in a garage or other unheated room for the winter, then make sure that these entrances are not closed. What is needed for the natural evaporation of water

To store the boiler itself, you need to make sure that there are no plugs at the outlets for connecting the heating pipes.

You also need to make sure that there is no water inside. If you do not drain the water, the tank will rust and the boiler will be unusable.

Classification by type of fuel

The gas boiler will operate on natural (main) methane gas or liquefied gas from cylinders (propane-butane). At this time the difference in price is insignificant.

Since in conditions outside the city it is not always possible to connect to the main line, you will most likely need a propane or butane atmospheric burner for your heating boiler.

Structurally, these boilers are the same; the burners have their own small parts. Burners for real and liquid gas are distinguished by the design of their spray devices. Many units are equipped with spray devices for two types of fuel.

As a result, atmospheric burners for propane heating boilers can be easily reconfigured to work with main gas and vice versa.

Briefly about the main thing

A gas burner is a special device for burning natural gas to generate heat and use it to heat water or a room. It is used in house and sauna stoves and heating boilers. The design includes such basic elements as a nozzle, an ignition system, a flame control sensor and automation. The principle of operation is based on supplying gas to the nozzle and igniting it in response to a command from the control unit - depending on the temperature of the heated area.

The resulting flame heats the surface of the furnace body or the heat exchange circuit with the coolant. A modern gas burner must have high efficiency, noiselessness and durability. The main advantages of using it for a stove in a bathhouse are its smaller size, faster heating, efficiency and the ability to accurately control the temperature. Disadvantages manifest themselves in the need for strict compliance with special requirements and safety rules.

Existing types of gas burners installed in the stove of a bathhouse or at home, as well as in heating units, are classified according to the following parameters:

Power settings options.
Air supply mechanism.
Type of ignition.
Scope of application.

Each variety has its own number of advantages and disadvantages. When choosing equipment for specific application conditions, it is important to correctly calculate the power.

How to choose a burner

When choosing, the following characteristics are important: range, power and adjustment method. The power should be more than that of the firebox: this will make it possible to subsequently adjust the operation of the boiler over a huge range.

The adjustment differs in the number of power steps. There may be one or two steps, as well as modulated adjustment (smooth over the entire range).

Among the brands, German (Buderus, Vaillant), Italian (Lamborghini), and Slovak (Protherm) are especially popular. Atmospheric burners for heating boilers of domestic production were demonstrated by products of the companies Zhukovsky Machine-Building Plant, Lemarx, Conord.

It is also necessary to note atmospheric burners for heating boilers Vakula. The company specializes in the manufacture of automatic equipment for burners.

Specifics of atmospheric burners with automation for heating boilers produced by Vakula:

piezoelectric ignition;
temperature adjustment of the coolant – from 40 to 90?;
adjusting the gas supply to the fuse;
gas flow adjustment;
ability to work at reduced gas pressure;
automatic shutdown in the event of reverse draft or sudden cessation of gas supply.

Atmospheric burners for floor heating boilers come in various types: atmospheric and forced, electronic and with piezoelectric ignition.

Which type of ignition is better depends on whether you want the system to be fully automated or whether you like manual control and non-volatile equipment.

The choice between an atmospheric and forced-air burner is in most cases determined by power. A floor-standing boiler with a gas burner produces from 10 to 80 kW or more.

Boiler power with a turbo burner can reach several thousand kW. Whether it is necessary to pay good money for a boiler with similar characteristics is up to you to decide.

If you are preparing to add underfloor heating to your heating system, then see this section.

Video of atmospheric burners for heating boilers. Perestroika.

Selection of gas equipment - main criteria

You need to decide on the settings of a gas boiler before purchasing it. We recommend starting with the power of the equipment. The features of your home matter a lot. The main condition for the normal and uninterrupted operation of such a unit is the presence of a centralized gas supply. Naturally, you can try to use imported gas cylinders, but this will significantly increase costs. In some cases, it is even cheaper to purchase electrical equipment for heating a building than to purchase gas cylinders.

For rooms larger than 300 m2, it is better to choose a floor-standing boiler

Heating boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit. In the first case, we recommend purchasing an additional indirect heating boiler. Only then can the unit be used to heat sanitary water. The best option is to purchase a double-circuit boiler, which has all the necessary functions for heating the building and water. Its key feature is the transfer of priority control over the operating mode to the hot water supply. In other words, after opening the hot water supply system, the heat supply to the main circuit, which also includes the heating system, stops.

There are some features of choosing a floor-standing and wall-mounted boiler. Wall-mounted equipment has less power, so it is not enough to heat rooms with a total area of over 300 square meters. In this case, you will need to either purchase another boiler or install a floor-standing gas boiler. In stores you can purchase floor-standing units of any power.

Making an atmospheric burner for a boiler with your own hands

The main element of a gas boiler is the burner. Actually, all the other details are placed around it. Many aspects of the use of the equipment depend on the design of the unit. First of all, it is safety and economy. Thanks to this, many people strive to make with their own hands an atmospheric burner for a boiler that will suit all the necessary needs of the owners. As it may seem at first glance, this may seem like a time-consuming process, but in reality it is not.

Types of burners

Most people think that a burner is simply a nozzle through which gas is supplied. But it's not right. It also mixes air into the fuel. At the same time, the main thing is not to forget to take into account that the product must have a specialized design that makes it possible to make the mixture stable.

The device can be of different types, depending on the method of adding oxygen to the gas:

gas-burner;
ventilator;
diffusion-kinetic.

Atmospheric

The working principle of this component is simple: gas flows through an ejector, where its pressure is reduced. In this case, air penetrates into the middle due to different atmospheric parameters.

These devices have many positive characteristics:

conventional design;
compactness;
silent operation;
good price;
the possibility of converting the boiler heating system for this equipment - the burner is simply mounted in the ash pan chamber.

Fan

In this type of device, air is supplied in the required quantity using a fan. Due to this oxygen supply, they have a lot of positive qualities:

There are no restrictions on power - any amount of gas is provided with the proper amount of air, which is necessary for complete combustion without residues.
The chamber in which the reaction takes place may be closed. Oxygen is supplied to the middle using a specialized air channel. This makes it possible to absolutely prevent combustion products from entering the middle of the house due to reverse draft. In this case, there is no need to install a separate air duct. To do this, specialized coaxial-type chimneys are used, which in fact are a pipe located in the middle of another. The smoke is discharged through the internal element, and oxygen enters the boiler, passing between the internal and external walls.
Human participation during use is reduced to zero, since the equipment has a “smart” configuration function.

This type of burner also has a number of disadvantages:

Compared to atmospheric ones, they are noticeably louder.
Highly Appreciated.
They only work in conjunction with electric current - they must contain their own uninterruptible power supply. Otherwise, they may break due to a voltage drop.

Diffusion-kinetic

For the most part, similar equipment is found in large industrial heaters. The working principle is based on both atmospheric and fan heating.

DIY atmospheric burner

Since the design of a fan type requires the presence of special equipment, let’s consider creating an atmospheric burner in a high-pressure boiler with our own hands. It is most optimal for this to select a valve from an oxygen cylinder, standard VK-74. To do this you need:

The outlet section of the pipe is additionally equipped with a threaded connecting element, which can be connected to the reactor using a hose.
A cap with a smaller hole for connections to the nozzle is placed on the inlet side of the pipe section connected to the cylinder. The final one can be taken from a blowtorch or stove.
A profile pipe 100 mm long is welded to the cap and the wall has a thickness of 2 mm.
First of all, you need to make sure that there is a gap of 15 mm between the cap and the nozzle, through which oxygen will flow. This is why, first of all, you need to attach three small pieces of wire to the first one (they can then be bent for the required placement), and only then the pipe.
The burner itself is ready. After this, it is necessary to make a base on which it will be placed for installation in the combustion chamber.

In addition to creating the burner itself, it is also important to carry out the process of igniting it:

The gas supply valve on the cylinder or line opens.
A match is brought to the nozzle.
The key valve opens.

Important! The power of the device can be adjusted using a valve. The hottest flame is green-blue.

The entire setting is in the location of the torch in the very center. To do this, the wire brackets are slightly bent.

Installation of a gas burner in a heating furnace

We remind you that it is prohibited to install gas equipment yourself. However, it won’t hurt to familiarize yourself with the nuances of installing a gas burner in a stove.

So, installation of a gas burner is permissible in furnaces in which the length, shape, nature and temperature of the flame can be adapted to the nature of the material of the combustion chamber. The flame should not touch the walls, but should be freely located in the combustion space. If it is a brick wall, then the firebox should be made of refractory bricks.

Before installation, check the walls of the stove for cracks, voids, and unsealed seams through which combustion products can enter the room. The room into which the firebox door opens must have an opening window, a ventilation duct and a gap in the door for air to enter from below.

Gas burners of any type are characterized by the creation of high temperatures - more than 1000 °C in the combustion chamber. When installing a gas burner in the oven, you must ensure that the flame does not touch the walls.

The installation process itself is not complicated and is carried out in the following sequence:

Remove the firebox door.
A burner is placed in the combustion chamber.
The shield is secured in the door frame.
Connect the automation according to the manufacturer's instructions.

At the end of installation, connect the burner to a hose, the other end of which is connected to a gas source.

Installing a burner using the example of an AGG gas burner device: the stage of installing a gas burner block in a furnace with dismantling the ash pan

The system is launched by a master from the gas service, he checks the operation of the nozzles, the automatic control and safety systems, configures and tests the response of the sensors.

Installation of a gas burner in an industrial furnace using the example of an AGG gas burner device. Connecting automation, placing the remote control and thermal cylinder

Another step is to check the tightness of all connections and the presence of traction. After successful startup of the system, the gas installer must issue a completed control certificate for the installation of the burner.

When starting the heating, you should first select the minimum thermal power, heating the stove continuously and little by little or, if there is no power adjustment, cyclically, turning the burner on and off. This is especially important for a brick kiln - strong continuous heating of a cooled brick can lead to cracking.

Application Specifics

Atmospheric burners are easy to maintain. The main feature is annual cleaning. In this case, the procedure should be carried out exclusively by experts in their field, since this requires dismantling the boiler. Very often, the warranty center is responsible for cleaning the burners.

Dirt can be easily removed using compressed air. It is important to set the appropriate pressure. But the thing is that some modern parts most likely will not withstand a flow of 10 atm.

To make the cleaning process quick and less frequent, a specialized filter is installed on the gas supply. This is performed by a specialist after submitting an application to the required structure.

Well, despite the fact that an atmospheric burner in a heating boiler, although it seems like a very complex engineering unit, is no less easy to create with your own hands. To do this, you need to prepare all the accompanying materials and have experience working with metal. Moreover, you need to have several units of special tools.

Setup and Cleaning

At the household level, the problem of the burner not igniting is often encountered. This problem occurs due to the fact that untreated gas is supplied. This problem can be solved by installing filters, but only utility companies do this. If you do this, then you will have to constantly replace them, which essentially resembles the previous problem.

The gas burner must be cleaned annually. This procedure is very time-consuming, since it requires disassembling all heating devices. The burner itself is purged with compressed air.

In principle, adjustment and cleaning should be carried out by a service center.

Types of atmospheric burners for heating boilers

Here you will know:

The heart of any gas boiler is a burner with a heat exchanger installed above it. The burner burns gas fuel, creating heat. For its part, the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger and sent to the heating system. The current review will be devoted to the burners themselves.

We will tell you what an atmospheric burner is for a high-pressure boiler, and we will also give information about the types of burners for gas-fired boilers.

What is an atmospheric burner?

The atmospheric burner is one of the very important components of any boiler. She is responsible for creating a stable flame. This is where the supplied fuel is burned. The resulting heat rises upward to the heat exchanger, where it is virtually completely converted into a heat carrier. Gaseous, liquid and solid substances, along with the remains of heat, are removed into the atmosphere in one way or another.

The design of an atmospheric burner for a boiler is extremely simple - it includes several main components:

The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during fire makes the boiler practically environmentally friendly.

Spray device - gas is released from here;
Ignition system – provides gas ignition;
Automation system – controls the temperature;
Flame presence meter – monitors the presence of fire.

To put it simply, everything looks like this. You will know a little later how these or other types of atmospheric burners differ from each other in different boiler models.

A modern atmospheric burner for a heating boiler is a device that has certain requirements. Quiet operation is of primary importance. I immediately recall many models of Soviet instantaneous boilers, where the flame roared with the force of a hurricane. Modern samples burn relatively quietly (they also pay attention to quiet ignition, without pops or explosions). The design of the furnaces has an additional effect on the noise parameter.

Long service life - if you remember the old gas-powered units, they served for a very long time (at that time everything was done for centuries). Today, these technologies no longer exist, so burners in boilers can often break down. There is one way out - to purchase units from trusted brands that use components of normal quality. As for any Chinese junk from unknown manufacturers, then everything is clear - there is no need to take it.

Absolute combustion of gas is another main condition. A burner for a gas boiler must burn fuel completely, with very little release of carbon monoxide and other related elements. However, everything here will depend not only on it - other components also affect the quality of combustion. You must always remember about proper gas removal, which is why it is necessary to have a clean chimney with good draft at your disposal. As for the working principle of the atmospheric burner, it is simple:

In the burner, the burned gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, chemical reactions occur. reaction producing carbon dioxide and water.

The boiler detects a discrepancy between the temperature in the heating circuit and the parameters specified by the clients;
The gas valve opens and gas begins to flow into the burner;
At the same time, the ignition system is activated;
The gas is ignited and a flame is formed.

At the same wonderful time, the control of the presence of flame begins and does not stop working - if the fire goes out for no reason, the automation will shut off the supply of blue fuel. As soon as the temperature in the heating system reaches the set limit, the gas supply will be closed.

In what cases is it necessary to adjust the burner flame?

One of the indicators of proper burner operation is the color of the flame. Gas equipment is characterized by an even bluish flame without admixtures of other colors. The presence of yellow or red splashes indicates that the burner is not working well, which reduces the efficiency of the heating equipment.

First of all, this applies to injection burner devices, but sometimes it is also typical for fan burners. The flame may simply lack oxygen. Also, dust and other small debris can get in with the air, which will clog the device, reducing the efficiency of the boiler. All this directly affects the flame. If it hums, the burner is loud, or the fire has changed color, you need to adjust the correct operation of the device.

An atmospheric gas burner for heating equipment often fails. It is equipped with models of both wall-mounted and floor-standing boilers. The injection burner of floor-standing equipment reduces its efficiency for various reasons:

Burner power is too high. This happens when a high-power burner is purchased for small heating equipment. At the same time, there is not enough space for combustion, the air flow for such power is weak, which leads to the transition of the flame from blue to yellow, sooting of the combustion chamber and chimney.
If the chimney is poorly cleaned, the boiler draft deteriorates. At the same time, waste combustion products are poorly removed, and the air flow is small. This worsens combustion and the flame turns yellow.
A defect in the burner itself does not make it possible to correctly adjust the complete combustion of the fuel.
Due to pressure changes in the gas supply system, well-regulated equipment can release large amounts of unexhausted gas into the chimney. Partially it settles with soot and soot. A large layer of soot reduces traction and increases fuel consumption.
Starting heating equipment after repair.
The presence of extraneous noise during operation of the boiler or gas burner.
Changing the type of fuel.

Classification of atmospheric burners

For a long time, very simple boilers, devoid of complex electronics and advanced automation, reigned on the market. They needed full-fledged chimneys and had to be installed in rooms with excellent ventilation. There are now units on sale that can be used in virtually a variety of conditions. Classical models are implemented in the same way. They all differ in the design of atmospheric burners.

Atmospheric atmospheric burners

The use of atmospheric burners greatly simplifies the design of heating equipment. They work due to the natural flow of oxygen, and full-fledged chimneys are used to remove combustion products. Since oxygen is taken from the room, it must have a good ventilation system. It is necessary to consider the main positive qualities of chimney boilers:

Structural simplicity - has a direct impact on the price of equipment;
Low noise level - there are no additional fans, only the flame hums;
Greater reliability - there is a very clear pattern at work here: equipment with a minimum of parts breaks down much less and less often;
Energy independence - as a result, the equipment will work in buildings that do not have electrification.

There are also certain disadvantages:

Not the greatest efficiency factor - such a drawback must be reconciled. Much improved gas water heaters with closed burners are more economical and productive;
The need for a real chimney that goes out onto the roof - in houses under construction this is an extra expense;
Installation of a boiler with an atmospheric burner must be carried out in a specially designated room, which has a ventilation system and a window - sometimes it is problematic to comply with these requirements.

It is also worth highlighting the possibility of incomplete combustion of gas fuel.

Flueless burners

We are close to the most modern heat exchange equipment, equipped with closed-type atmospheric burners. Such boilers are often called “flueless”. They are equipped with miniature chimneys, often extending directly beyond the opposite wall. This is very convenient, especially when the building is located at the construction stage - there is no need to worry about arranging a chimney and ventilation channels.

A heating boiler with a closed firebox is a heating unit in which the atmospheric burner is enclosed in a specialized chamber. Oxygen comes here from the outside, through a specialized coaxial chimney. Through it, gaseous, liquid and solid substances are removed. All flows are controlled by a powerful fan with automatically controlled speed. If desired, a “flueless” boiler can be installed in a completely sealed room, devoid of ventilation and windows.

Positive qualities of gas-fired boilers with closed burners:

Possibility of installation in a variety of rooms - in kitchens, basements, in the bathroom (even in the bedroom);
Very high safety - the gas burns in an isolated chamber. Even if it goes out, and the automation does not react to this, the gas-air mixture will be removed outside the house or apartment;
Very high efficiency - gas water heaters with closed burners are actually very productive, but this does not apply to all models;
Much more effective temperature control - for this, a fan shaft speed control system is used;
High environmental purity - the fuel burns virtually completely.

Unfortunately, there are also disadvantages:

For very high safety and increased efficiency, you will have to pay for a higher noise level and increased maintenance bills.

Very high complexity - atmospheric burners for heating boilers have a more complex design, which complicates repair work;
Slightly reduced reliability - the more parts, the lower the reliability of the system (quite often very affordable samples and models made in China fail);
High cost - in order to purchase a “flueless” boiler, you will need to pay a large amount (they cost 10-15% more than their own atmospheric substitutes);
High noise level - the fan installed in the system makes a hum (the noise parameter depends on the specific model);
Lack of energy independence - when the lights are turned off, the equipment will stop working. The problem is solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply.

Despite this, the use of these boilers for heating apartments and houses becomes a specific focus.

Ventilation, air conditioning and heating

Gas burners for heating boilers

Heating a house with gas is 2-3 times cheaper than any other method of heating a home. However, this gap can be increased by 4 times superiority. To do this, you just need to choose energy-efficient gas burners for heating boilers.

Since the efficiency (efficiency factor - the ratio of consumed and supplied energy) of the boiler, for the most part, depends on this unit. Types of gas burners

From a technical point of view, a burner is a regular mixer that ensures the formation of a gas-air mixture that is oxidized in the combustion chamber of the boiler. Moreover, the energy efficiency of the boiler depends on the degree of fuel combustion, which, in turn, is related to the percentage of gas and oxygen in the mixture supplied to the combustion chamber.

Gas burner for heating boiler

Therefore, the classification of burners is based on the method of supplying oxygen to the combustion chamber.

This sorting method allows us to distinguish the following types of gas burners:

An atmospheric version of the “mixer” , which involves a natural flow of air.
Inflatable option , which involves mechanical inflow, organized using pressure equipment (fan).
A diffusion-kinetic design option that involves a dosed supply of air flow, mixed into the flow directly during combustion.

In addition, the energy efficiency of the boiler depends on the ability to regulate the intensity of fuel combustion in the working chamber of the heat-generating installation. And the wider the adjustment range, the higher the energy efficiency of the equipment . Moreover, this rule applies to both stationary boiler equipment and portable (cylinder) gas burners - KS 1005 and its analogues.

Therefore, the secondary classification of burners is based on the ability to control the flame in the combustion chamber of the boiler.

This sorting method distinguishes the following types of burners:

Single-stage option , which eliminates the possibility of adjustment during the combustion process.
Two-stage option, providing two modes of boiler operation.
Modulating option , which provides the ability to adjust the combustion intensity in the range from 10 to 100 percent.

Of course, all the types of burners described above provide completely different energy efficiency. Therefore, each type of burner deserves a separate assessment.

Advantages and disadvantages of atmospheric burners

Such mixers are installed on floor-mounted household boilers designed to heat buildings with an area of up to 100-120 square meters. Externally, such a unit looks like a hollow tube with perforation. The gas-air mixture enters the firebox through these holes. In this case, typical atmospheric gas burners for heating boilers receive oxygen-containing air naturally, and a piezoelectric element is responsible for igniting the torch.

Other differences

Let's consider the division of atmospheric burners according to the type of ignition. A simplified version is with a burning pilot wick (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to warm the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - very high gas consumption and low safety (the ignition wick may go out). Primary ignition is performed with matches or using a piezoelectric element that produces a spark.

Mains gas from the mains provides even combustion without creating excess soot on the walls of the chimney pipe.

Electronic ignition of the burner takes into account the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or an electrically powered network. The first option is used in non-volatile boilers that do not have electronic automation. Another option is important for complex units with electronics on board. Simultaneously with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of flame are often installed.

There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. The network gas supplied from the mains is cleaner, it is supplied at good pressure (we do not consider situations of pressure drops back and forth). The flame in the boiler comes out clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without modifications. There are burners that can operate on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from propane combustion gives off a yellow color, and there is a very high soot deposit on the chimney.

Heating of a private house and apartment

Introduction

Combustion, as a physical process, is not possible without the supply (access) of oxygen, or rather air, to the place of combustion. In addition to oxygen, the gas must be evenly distributed over a certain area, ensuring uniform combustion over this area.

It is these tasks that the burner performs in a gas boiler, namely, the gas spreads evenly over the burner and is discharged outside through the nozzles, where it mixes with air and burns, heating the boiler heat exchanger.

Types of burners in a gas boiler

Depending on the method of air supply to the combustion chamber of the boiler, the following types of burners are distinguished:

Atmospheric gas burners (work in open combustion chambers);
Forced gas burners, also known as inflatable burners (work in closed combustion chambers).

Atmospheric gas burners for gas boilers

An atmospheric gas burner is installed in boilers with an open combustion chamber. The type of operation is very similar to a simple gas stove: gas enters the burner and burns when mixed with air coming from the room.

The positive features of an atmospheric burner are its simplicity of design and silent operation. Disadvantages: low efficiency (up to 90-93%) and rarefaction of air in the room. It is for this reason that such boilers are installed in specially equipped rooms, combustion chambers, which are equipped according to special rules.

There are several nuances in using imported atmospheric gas burners.

According to EU standards, the mains must have a stable gas pressure of at least 150 atmospheres. In Russia, these standards are similar, but may fall in winter and rise in spring. Such pressure drops lead to burner burnout in winter and heat exchanger burnout in summer. This means that in areas with unstable gas pressure it is better to use inflatable burners, the operation of which does not depend on gas pressure.

Gas boiler fan burners

Fan or forced-air burners operate by supplying air from the street using a fan. Fan operation is adjustable. Burners with external air supply operate stably at any gas pressure; for such boilers there is no need to make vertical chimneys, a coaxial chimney is sufficient; the efficiency of such boilers is close to 95%. True, they work noisily and cost 2 times more than atmospheric burners.

It is worth noting that fan burners are hung on the boiler. This makes it possible to change the burner and switch from gas to liquid fuel.

Types of gas burners by combustion regulation

To regulate combustion, they divide:

Single stage burners;
Two-stage burners;
Modulating burners.

In modulating burners, the burner power automatically changes depending on the desired output heat.

Two-stage burners allow operation in two modes, low and high consumption.

Combination gas burners

Technologies do not stand still and there are already combined burners for gas and liquid fuel on the market. Like any new technology, a combination burner costs an order of magnitude more.

Atmospheric burners for combi boilers

An atmospheric burner for a solid fuel heating boiler is a complex apparatus. It is made to convert heating equipment from one type of fuel to another. In other words, you can buy a solid fuel (multifunctional) device to work with wood, and when a gas line appears, switch it to work with network gas.

It is best to entrust the maintenance of even a very simple atmospheric burner to a specialist - the services of a professional will be more affordable than purchasing a new unit.

An automatic atmospheric burner for a solid fuel boiler is built according to a fan circuit. Gas is supplied here, mixed with air, after which the finished fuel-air mixture is sent to the atomizer. Here it is set on fire, creating a high-temperature flame. On board the burner there is a powerful fan, an automation system, a reducer and a gas filter. The unit requires electrical energy to operate. The product itself has a modular design (removable).

Homemade units

Some craftsmen make atmospheric burners for boilers with their own hands (for boilers running on solid fuel). Please be warned that this is not safe. And no one will allow such a structure to be connected to the gas main. Very often, such “crafts” are made on the basis of some out-of-date gas-powered units. Do not forget that a homemade atmospheric burner for heating your own home is far from a very good option. It is more advisable to buy the most ascetic gas non-volatile boiler and convert it to bottled gas.

Safety regulations

Frequently encountered dangerous malfunctions and methods of elimination according to safety rules:

flame failure is a moment during which the flame extinguished, but the gas supply did not stop. The solution is to turn off the gas supply and open the room in which the boiler is located for ventilation. During ventilation, it is strictly forbidden to use open fire, turn on and off electrical appliances, lighters, etc.;
decrease in the filling of the circulation circuit with water - occurs when there is a water leak. If a leak is detected, turn off the boiler, but under no circumstances start filling the circulation circuit. Wait until it cools down completely, find the leak, and fix it. After which you will have to fill the circulation circuit again;
the draft in the chimney has disappeared - stop the boiler, clean the chimney. Ventilate the room. When the draft resumes, return the boiler to operation;
The pilot light goes out - turn off the boiler, carry out the switching procedure according to the passport and the attached instructions.