How to build a fireplace stove, Drawings, diagrams, orders - Stoves

A novice stove maker always wants to build some outlandish stove. Preferably simple. And also beautiful and effective. It is a pity that there are not so many orders of such constructions.

Among them, a fireplace stove with a bread chamber stands out, operating according to a scheme popular in Scandinavian countries. The scheme is not without drawbacks, but has a high degree of universalism. There is a massive universal heating stove, a decorative fireplace, and a chamber for baking bread. Simple design, multifunctionality, relative compactness. A good option for a country house, capable of heating an area of approximately 25-30 square meters.

We offer a procedure that allows you to assemble the stove yourself, having only minimal stove craft skills. A simple basic skill in working with clay and brick is sufficient for the performer. The rest is simple.

The main elements of a fireplace stove with increased heat capacity are in the following order:

A fireplace stove can replace any heating appliances and can become an excellent oven. You can learn how to install it at your dacha from the video. It is the winding serpentine air duct that allows the heated air in the firebox to rise, pass through the entire structure of the stove and thereby heat the stove bench. On the 9th and 8th rows, overlap is performed on the firebox and bed. Next are the rows for the hob and oven, and another row that separates the oven from the wall. After the lintel has been laid out, it is necessary to use simple or, if desired, decorative masonry above the oven chamber: with a wedge or an arch. Next, a metal corner is used above the stove for cooking, and a decorative shelf is made from it. Subsequent rows will combine all the chimneys into one and windows will be made on the walls of the stove.

Next we lay out the pipe. It has a square shape, and the optimal pipe laying will be 2 and a half bricks. The ceiling through which the pipe passes is insulated using basalt slabs in several layers.

When we build brick ovens, we need to know all the nuances and have designs; even the smallest detail can disrupt the design.

Types of fireplace stoves

The design discussed above is the simplest implementation of the idea of a fireplace-stove. In fact, there are much more efficient and functional structures that combine a separate fireplace and stove, install a hob, oven or heat exchange niches, etc.

Fireplace stove with bench

A massive structure with a heated lounger or stove is not suitable for every home. For example, for a summer house it will be too big, since it will occupy a significant area of the room. If you install such a unit in a country house, you can achieve amazing comfort: such a design just begs to be installed in a living room combined with a kitchen.

Wall fireplace stove

A wall-mounted fireplace stove will save space in a small room

This design can be built in a small house to heat two adjacent rooms. As in the design discussed above, heating units can be heated separately. In this case, the fireplace can be used to quickly and comfortably heat a large room, while the heating of the back wall during operation of the stove will work to heat the bedroom. The disadvantage of this design can be considered the absence of a hob, which, however, is compensated by the compactness of the structure.

Square fireplace stove with stove and oven

Multifunctional fireplace stove with stove and oven

A multifunctional heating device installed in a large room can divide it into several zones. On the side of the fireplace, you can create a cozy homely atmosphere for relaxing and gathering with friends, while the area adjacent to the stove can be used for cooking and other household needs. Fortunately, for this purpose the fireplace stove has a large hob and a spacious oven. The shelf above the fireplace can also be used to the maximum - it is convenient to dry fruits, mushrooms or medicinal plants on it.

Review of the best domestic fireplace models

Russian is very noticeable on the fireplace stove market. Consumers leave positive reviews about the company's products. The best assembly is considered to be the stoves from the Ardenfire series. The products use some elements from the best foreign manufacturers: Germany, France and Japan, and are assembled using unique technologies. Each series is characterized by being equipped with heat-resistant glass, sufficient power up to 12 kW and compactness.

Corner stove-fireplace "Amur" - wood-burning

The stove is designed to heat 90 sq. m area. The manufacturing technology is combined: the firebox is laid with fireclay bricks and lined with high-quality steel. The brick is designed for 5 years, after which it should be replaced. The firebox door has high-quality heat-resistant glass of Japanese origin. There is excellent heat flow through the door and good visibility of the fire. Glass is self-cleaning and can withstand high temperatures.

Corner stove-fireplace “Cupid”

The firebox has a volume of 73 liters and can provide power up to 10 kW. The weight of the entire structure is 157 kg, which allows you to quickly install the fireplace stove. High efficiency 3 kg of firewood allows you to keep the room warm for 8 hours.

Attention! This is a wood-burning model of a corner stove-fireplace for a summer cottage; it cannot be heated with coal. Guarantee of at least 10 years of work

Guarantee of at least 10 years of work.

Corner fireplace-stove "Neva" - wood-burning

A very compact model with a height of 87 cm and a width of 64 cm. The small size of the fireplace allows it to be installed in the smallest cottage. The model has gained well-deserved popularity among domestic consumers.

Corner fireplace-stove "Neva"

The power is enough to fire 60 square meters. m. of housing. This compact model warms up the home in 3 hours; you will need to add 3 kg of firewood to keep the room warm for 8 hours.

The weight of the structure is 95 kg, allowing installation to be completed in a couple of hours by connecting the pipe to the chimney. The manufacturer provides a 1-year guarantee of flawless operation.

The group's products produce products that comply with European standards, but are designed specifically for our climatic conditions.

Corner wood stove fireplace "Bavaria"

The domestic manufacturer Ecofireplace produces long-burning stoves that are popular with private homeowners. The company supplies a wide variety of models of heating structures, including high-quality options for corner wood-burning stoves and fireplaces for country houses.

Fireplace stove "Bavaria"

A sample of European quality, with small dimensions, it is capable of heating a room of 80 square meters. m. Made of high quality steel, the grate is made of cast iron, the self-cleaning system is heat-resistant glass. It has a very stylish look: the glass is framed by black steel doors, the side panels are trimmed with ceramics.

The design is equipped with a hob, without an oven. The depth of the firebox allows you to place wood logs up to half a meter, while the height of the fireplace is 86 centimeters. As on almost all Bavaria models, the corner fireplace stove has an economical fuel consumption mode.

The service life of Bavaria stoves is at least 10 years.

A fireplace is very useful for any home, and it is unlikely to get in the way or spoil the appearance. Such heating structures have many advantages that owners of home fireplaces enjoy. External energy independence of housing; if gas or electricity is turned off, the house will remain warm due to heating by the fireplace. It has high performance and can be used as the main source of heat for a summer residence. Fuel can be purchased as needed, at any time of the year.

Drying the oven and first start-up

After the last brick takes its place, do not rush to light the stove; this will not be done soon.

Hasty actions will lead to moisture leaving the solution unevenly and more intensely than during natural drying. Cracks will form on fragments of masonry, which may turn out to be far from harmless.

To prevent this from happening, you need to dry the oven. The slide valve and the blower open. The air flow generated by the draft will promote the evaporation of moisture along the surface of the masonry. It is recommended to close the gate and door at night. The procedure should be repeated until moisture stops forming in the pipe.

All that remains is to dry the solution along the depth of the masonry. To do this, you will have to start starting the oven. The device is heated in small portions of dry wood, adding 1 kg of fuel every day. After the mass reaches 20 kg, a test burn is performed at maximum power, after which the condition of the masonry and seams is inspected. The absence of cracks gives a start to the full operation of the fireplace stove.

The working process of a Russian stove

Despite serious competition and a solid history, the design is still in demand among country property owners. Based on how the Russian stove is structured from the inside, it will be possible to focus on the dimensions from the outside and accordingly plan a place for it and lay the foundation.

Before you put together a Russian stove, you need to understand its operating principle - the design is a periodic heating device, that is, when burning wood, it accumulates heat, then releases it for almost a day. The structure can warm or languish like this for almost a day, which makes it possible to cook baked milk in it, steam porridges and soups, without controlling the process.

Before making a Russian stove, you should build a separate foundation that is not connected to the tape, since the structure is usually heavy

This is especially important when the house “dances” on heaving soil during freezing and thawing. In this case, the stove will move along its own amplitude along with its foundation, without destroying the finish or affecting the walls and openings

Cross-section of a Russian stove during heating and simmeringSource 2proraba.com

Work principles:

the entire structure stands on a brick or concrete slab;
firewood for kindling is stored in the stove, where it dries very well and, when ignited, lights up instantly;
the top of the sub-peck is made with a hemispherical arch, like a trough;
sand, clay, broken brick - any heat-intensive material is poured onto it, and the front part of the firebox (cooking chamber) is laid on top of it under the stoves; it is placed without clay mortar.

If you ignore the topping, then you can forget about real hearth bread and pies. By the way, they are baked on cabbage leaves.

Next comes an injection with an overtube and a highlight in the form of a tapering nozzle. On the sides of the fold near the walls there are ash pits - recesses for smoldering coals (for the next kindling) and ash. Sometimes they are raked into a fringe - a part of a cast iron or stone slab (pole) protruding from the face (brow) of the stove.

To reduce costs and cleanliness in the room, there is no need to make an ash pan and ash pan. Previously, they were raked into a nook of the mouth, then the coals of birch, maple, elm, oak and aspen retained their heat for only a day.

Cooking in a cast iron pot over coalsSource yandex.net

Most likely, this is where the belief came from that the Russian stove is quite picky when it comes to fuel. But this is not so - it works on any solid fuel, including:

brushwood;
dung;
dead wood;
sawdust
straw;
peat briquettes.

Thanks to this configuration, the combustion chamber acts as an economizer, where the following happens: the smoke circulation heats the air, which enters the firebox without removing oxygen from it and without interfering with combustion - mixing of heat flows should not occur. In essence, a combustion chamber is an energy recuperator (heat exchanger).

Before building a Russian stove, you should check the dimensions in advance - this is important so that the structure does not smoke, does not cool down quickly and does not use a lot of firewood. For the same purpose, perfectly smooth haila vaults are made.

Moreover, they cannot be plastered, so the bricks are chipped from the inside and polished until glossy - then there will be no swirls in the slit.

Smoke from the stove goes into the chimneySource stroyfora.ru

Rules for choosing a cooking stove

Creating a brick oven, additionally equipped with a hob, is a long and labor-intensive process that must be carried out evenly and carefully only by experienced specialists. Only professionals will be able to put together a functional structure. Such a device will effectively heat the premises and provide the opportunity to prepare delicious dishes.

There are different designs of brick stoves for houses with order. The designs differ in size, appearance, and internal structure. They are created small and large, focusing on the area of the house. The provisions of SNiP 41-01-2003 are also taken into account. The rules from it must be followed when selecting a place for furnaces and determining the necessary set of works for additional thermal insulation of the building. Otherwise, problems arise with government agencies that control the fire safety of residential buildings.

Modern stove designs are developed using computer programs Source pro2-bar-s3-cdn-cf5.myportfolio.com

Proven stove designs allow you to create efficient heating and cooking structures from bricks. Moreover, each of them will have its own operational characteristics. Therefore, when making a final decision, be sure to pay attention to a number of important points:

The size of the stove, in which, regardless of design, the front and rear walls will necessarily give off more heat compared to the side surfaces.
Features of installing a brick structure. For faster and more efficient heating of a specific room, the side wall of the stove should face towards this room. At the same time, its hob must be located in the kitchen space.
Heat transfer, which is selected taking into account the area of the heated room. Additionally, the location of the room is also taken into account.

On a note! Lighting and heating a large stove requires a lot of solid fuel and time. Therefore, this design is never chosen for heating a small room.

The dimensions of the stove are always chosen according to the dimensions of the room Source build-experts.ru
The efficiency of any brick heating structure depends on the thermal insulation of the house. If the insulation of the building is done efficiently, then a small stove will be enough to heat it. After all, reliably thermally insulated building structures will retain heat well in the building. At the same time, high-quality insulation is an insurmountable barrier to the cold outside.

Device and principle of operation

The fireplace stove is installed on a foundation slab, arranged on a drainage pad made of sand and crushed stone. The structure has two combustion chambers. The one that forms the working area of the fireplace has an increased height and can be equipped with a glass door. Often it has a curved shape - this way it is possible to increase the area of the reflective surface.

Scheme of gas movement inside a combined type heating device

The firebox is made in both rectangular and trapezoidal shapes. In the latter case, it tapers to the rear wall, which is inclined, with a small threshold - a fireplace tooth or a gas threshold. Its purpose is to hold carbon deposits that settle on the walls of the chimney. Above the firebox there is a smoke collector, which goes into a direct gas channel.

The firebox has reduced dimensions and lower air supply. Depending on the configuration of the heating device, the roof of the firebox is equipped with a hob or covered with brickwork. Combustion products from the firebox rise into vertical channels arranged in accordance with the schemes of Dutch or Swedish stoves.

Internal structure of the fireplace stove

To prevent combustion products from entering the room, the smoke ducts of both devices are equipped with valves, which are closed as necessary. In addition, the chimney is equipped with an additional damper, which prevents heat from escaping after the fuel has completely burned out.

Design Features

Having heard about fireplace stoves for the first time, owners of country houses often shrug their shoulders: why waste effort on building a heating device of such a design, if you can build one of the well-proven stoves such as a Dutch oven, a Swede stove, a kolpakovka stove, etc. That’s all. the fact is that they do not know the operating features of fireplace stoves, but during their development they combined all the best from two completely different heating devices.

Combining a stove with a fireplace allows you not only to heat the room efficiently, but also to make its interior unforgettable

The main advantage can be considered that to heat the room, you can use two modes of operation of the dual heat generator.

Fireplace mode

In this case, the smoke from the fireplace will be directed through a special smoke collector into a flue located on the rear wall of the heating device and then directly into the chimney. The construction of an almost straight channel avoids a decrease in draft, so the intensity of firewood combustion will be maximum.

Using a heating unit as a fireplace is very convenient for irregular fires, for example, in a country house or in country houses, where people visit only on weekends in winter. In this case, the temperature in the room will become comfortable literally within one hour.

Advantages of the stove

Combustion products do not “fly out into the chimney,” as is the case with a fireplace, but are redirected into additional channels located on the sides of the heating device, where they transfer all the heat to the walls of the structure. The duration of combustion of the same amount of fuel during furnace combustion increases significantly, since the operation of the unit most often occurs at the border of smoldering. This is achieved by adjusting the air flow through the blower. Thanks to the expansion of the furnace array, it has improved heat-accumulating properties and allows the accumulated heat to be released for a long time even after complete combustion of the fuel.

If irregular operation is expected, then most often the heat generator is operated according to the following scheme:

When kindling, a vertical channel is opened, which switches the unit to fireplace mode.
After the temperature in the room rises to a comfortable level, close the valve of the vertical channel and close the ash door to maximize the combustion duration.

As you can see, the fireplace stove is a successful symbiosis of several heating devices. However, its advantages do not end there.

Using a fireplace cassette increases the hygiene of the design and facilitates the construction of the heating device

Heating devices can be made with either an open or closed fireplace insert. In the latter case, a door made of heat-resistant glass or a special cast-iron cassette (liner) is used. Limiting the amount of incoming air allows you to increase the operating time of the fireplace and increase its efficiency.

Pros and cons of the design

The undoubted advantages of modern buildings are the following:

high efficiency: even for the simplest units it is 65%, for complexly modified ones it is 85%;
“omnivorous”, while when switching from one type of fuel to another, no change in heat transfer and a decrease in technical parameters were identified;
availability and cost-effectiveness of materials: brick, clay and sand are used in construction;
fire safety: the fire burns in the depths of the stove and coals and firewood cannot fall out;
ease of maintenance and operation: with one morning heating, the heat lasts 24 hours;
health benefits: the bed warms and heals the body and joints, and food cooked in a Russian oven does not have carcinogens;
multifunctionality: in addition to the firebox itself, you can make a hob that opens into the kitchen and fireplace on the second floor.

Three hearths operate simultaneously - a firebox, a stove in the kitchen, a fireplace in the attic. Source yandex.net

The disadvantages include:

quite large dimensions;
the need for cleaning;
inability to use gas;
a separate foundation is required;
heating a relatively small room - 50 sq. m.;
after a long break, gradual warming up throughout the day is required.

It is believed that not all the secrets and capabilities of the Russian stove have been revealed yet.

Advantages and disadvantages of combined heating devices

The advantages of fireplace stoves include:

the ability to quickly heat the room;
good heat storage capacity;
high performance;
heat transfer at the level of the best heating units;
versatility;
possibility of using for heating several rooms;
increased emissivity;
the presence of additional functional elements for cooking, drying clothes or relaxing.

As for the disadvantages, these include low efficiency and uneconomical design operating in fireplace mode, the need to clean additional smoke channels, the need for good ventilation and high-quality air flow. An obvious disadvantage is the complexity of the design, as well as the impressive dimensions of the structure.

Formation process

You can make such a design yourself using prepared drawings. The material used is fire-resistant ceramic brick of high standard. All drawings and diagrams are completed in advance. After completing the order, you can determine the required number of bricks. We suggest watching how to develop a plan for building a stove in the video presented.

Foundation and foundation

The mixture for the mortar can be bought ready-made in bags or kneaded with your own hands from cement, sand and clay. In accordance with the design, a cast-iron cooking plate, doors for the firebox, valves, and a grate are purchased in advance.

Like all furnaces, the unit requires a separate foundation, because the total weight reaches 10 tons. You can do it yourself by calculating the depth of the pit, provided that every 5 cm corresponds to 1 ton of weight, and the area of the foundation should be 15 percent larger than the base of the furnace. A layer of sand is poured into the bottom of the pit, compacted, covered with a layer of crushed stone, reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured below floor level. The foundation takes at least two weeks to harden, after which waterproofing is done to prevent moisture from entering the oven. A clear example of creating a foundation in the video instructions.

Based on the developed order, the base of the stove is laid out first. It should be made of several rows of bricks, horizontally aligned, with right angles. The distance from the masonry to the wall must be at least 15 cm. In the next row, a vent and air ducts are laid.

Main design elements

Due to the serpentine winding duct, the air heated in the firebox rises, passes through the entire body of the stove and heats the stove bench. On the eighth-ninth row, an overlap is made on the bed and firebox. Then the rows for the oven and hob are laid out, as well as the row separating the hob from the wall. After this, jumpers are laid out. Above the oven, simple or figured masonry is used (arch, wedge), and metal corners are used above the stove casing, and a decorative shelf is made.

The next rows combine all the chimneys into one, and windows are made on the walls, next to the oven there is a “letnik” to maintain combustion in the warm season, and those located higher are for stronger heating of the room in the cold season. The pipe is laid higher, has a square cross-section, the best masonry size is 2.5 bricks. The ceilings through which the chimney passes are insulated with basalt slabs in several layers.

Shutdown

It is better to lay the outer part of the chimney from sand-lime brick; it is more resistant to temperature fluctuations and precipitation. After the chimney is built, all cast iron and other fittings are installed. For accuracy of work, each layer of brick is checked against the drawings of the order, which can be hung near the construction site. An example of creating a simple stove with a stove bench is presented in the video.

If you are planning simple brickwork, then it will be enough to simply clean the surface of the stove with a stiff brush and level the seams. The brick oven can be painted with heat-resistant paint in the desired color and you can add Russian traditional ornaments and designs made by yourself.

A stove with a stove bench, decorated with tiles, has a very rich appearance and will become the main decoration of the house. The cost of such finishing depends on the quality of the tiles. In addition to their decorative function, tiles retain heat well and are easier to care for than other coatings.

The stove has a high level of efficiency (up to 60 percent), it evenly heats one or more rooms, is safe to use, has a long service life, and produces a healing effect.

When starting work, you need to evaluate your strengths, because building a stove with a stove bench is not cheap. A good home craftsman can complete many stages of construction with his own hands, but a professional stove maker will correct the work or, based on his experience, help correct mistakes.

Types of fireplace stoves

The stove industry allows the use of various materials in the construction of wood heaters. But basically, stove manufacturers present a wide range of models, which are divided into three types:

metal
brick
combined.

Making brickwork or a welded body according to the scheme with your own hands will not be difficult. In addition, all components are available for free sale. The main condition for a successful project is strict adherence to building codes and design plans.

Important criteria for preparatory work

In order to complete all the preparatory work, avoiding the most common mistakes, which are very difficult to correct later, the following instructions will help you:

Due to the large mass of brick kilns, there is a need to build a separate foundation. At the same time, it is not tied to the house, since subsequently it will undergo mandatory shrinkage, which should not appear on other elements of the building;
The size of the foundation should be slightly larger than the fireplace itself on all sides (10-25 centimeters);
To perform masonry work, you will need to buy both cheaper ceramic bricks, from which the main part of the structure will be made, and fire-resistant fireclay bricks. The second is needed to lay the elements of the firebox and chimney, which are subject to the most intense heat. It is worth noting that the price of fireclay bricks is quite high, and a lot of material will be needed;
The seams between ceramic and fireclay bricks must be at least 5 millimeters, and the adhesive mortar itself is mixed based on clay and heat-resistant cement;

Stick to the same thickness of seams: optimally 5-7 millimeters

Corresponding recesses are left for each decorative element and fittings

Additional fittings and components (grate, ash pan, doors) are installed according to the diagram and are pre-purchased in a specialized store or made to order;
For additional fixation of the doors, grate or ash pan, you will need to use annealed wire, which is installed between the bricks, after which it is filled with a solution for additional fixation and adhesion (preliminarily threaded into specially prepared holes and twisted with a bundle);
In order to avoid too much variation in temperature conditions in the area of the combustion chamber, before installing it, be sure to extend a special asbestos cord between it and the bricks;
In order to save effort and free time, the chimney can not be laid out with bricks, but give preference to a ceramic block variation (sold in a fully assembled state);
If the brick does not have a very attractive appearance, you should take care of finishing such a surface. For these purposes, you can use any fireproof materials (tiles, ceramics, decorative plaster, heat-resistant paint, natural and artificial stone). Finishing a fireplace is not only a way to give the unit a unique style and individuality, it can also significantly increase the overall efficiency of the stove.

A brick fireplace stove for a summer cottage is an excellent opportunity to quickly and economically heat both a small and a two-story house with several rooms. In order to familiarize yourself with the variations of ready-made arrangements, we also recommend reading the article “Corner brick fireplace stove.”

Determining the location of the stove in the house

Since the stove must perform two functions: cooking and heating, it must be placed so that it meets its functionality. In addition, it is necessary to take into account fire safety rules.

Conditions you need to know when placing:

Installation near wooden or other easily flammable walls is not allowed;
a window or additional exhaust ventilation must be provided in the room;
Ideally, the firebox is placed in the corridor or in the utility room;
it is necessary to ensure free access to the combustion chamber and chimneys for their timely cleaning.

If you plan to heat one room, then it is best to install the heating device in the center. It is possible to provide heat to several rooms if the partitions are placed at the joints.

Important! When the heating and cooking stove is located close to the outer wall, heat loss is inevitable.

Preparation of oven mortar

To lay a Russian stove with a stove, you will need a special stove mortar, the main component of which is clay. You will need the fattest clay you can find.

The clay is cleaned of debris and filled with water for at least a day. After swelling, it is ground on a sieve with a mesh size of 5 mm.

The second integral component of the solution is sand. It must be thoroughly washed and free of dirt, and then calcined before kneading.

As a rule, the proportion of sand and clay in the solution for a Russian stove with a hob is 1:3. However, a lot depends on the fat content of the clay, so you need to select the exact ratio experimentally. It is worth trying several variants of the solution, making balls the size of tennis balls from each. After three days of drying, we evaluate the results. It is desirable that there are as few cracks as possible, and that at a break the clay does not crumble into dust. It doesn’t hurt to know that Kuznetsov furnaces are built in approximately the same way.

Preparation for construction

The beginning of the implementation of the idea of arranging a stove in the house should be characterized by the preparation of the project. Without it, all manipulations will be spontaneous and this will lead to the fact that the oven simply will not work. The functionality of the furnace is ensured by strictly defined compliance of certain sizes of significant components.

We begin our calculations by measuring the area of the room. The dimensions of the firebox are directly dependent on the calculated value. A firebox that is too small will not provide the required furnace power, and a large one will waste fuel. The area of the combustion hole is calculated from the area of the room by dividing by 50. Then, the height and width values are selected so that their ratio is 2/3. To determine the depth, you need to multiply the height by 2/3. Remaining village

Brick stove: laying in rows

Before you start laying, you need to draw up a correct work plan and if you stick to it, you will get the desired result.

The rows of masonry are as follows:

We lay out the first row without mortar, leaving 5 mm gaps between the bricks. After laying out the first row, you need to check the evenness of the walls with a level or rule and measure the diagonal of the laid out rectangle. If the diagonal is the same, then the angles are right angles.
Next, we place the 2nd row on a solution of clay and sand with bandaging of the seams. Laying the firebox of the fireplace stove begins from the 3rd row. Starting from the 9th row, the firebox window is covered with an overlap of bricks. The ceiling can be made in the shape of an arch, that is, the bricks can be laid out in a semicircle.
We cover the 13th row with a wedge overlap. But until the 14th row is laid out, which will press the overlap, it will not hold. And it is for this reason that before laying the 13th row, it is necessary to make a wooden shield and secure it in the firebox using wooden supports at the level of the upper edge of the 12th row, and only then do the laying of the floor, that is, the 13th row.
At the end of the ordering, you don’t have to take out the shield, as it will burn out after the first fire of the fireplace stove, but the ceiling will be held in place due to the pressure of the upper rows of masonry. And together with the overlap on the 13th row, they also begin to push the fireplace shelf forward. This shelf is pulled out by 5 cm, and on the next tier it is pulled out by 7 cm. bricks placed on the ceiling significantly increase its strength due to the bandaging of the seams.

If the description seems difficult to you, the diagram in the photo can always come to the rescue, where all the rows of masonry are indicated in detail.
Date: September 25, 2022

Phased construction

The entire theory describing how to build a stove consists of several separate stages. Work should be carried out in accordance with them.

Finished brick building

Preparing the foundation. The foundation is used as the base for the structure. The brick oven has a significant mass and cannot be installed on any floor covering. The depth of the pit is taken to be 60 cm. The area of the foundation should be slightly larger than the area of the fireplace according to the drawing. At the bottom of the pit a cushion of fragments of brick, crushed stone and sand is formed. You can use concrete blocks. The upper part is filled with a solution consisting of cement and sand. The upper part of the foundation, raised to floor level, must be strictly horizontal.

Mortar for laying a fireplace stove. Due to the fact that the internal walls of the fireplace are affected by temperature, cement-sand mortar is not suitable. You need to use clay of medium fat content. To evaluate the fat content, you should roll the extracted specimens into balls, constantly soaking them with water. After the ball begins to stick to the palms, it is flattened into a cake shape and the edges are assessed. Cracks indicate excessive clay poverty. Clay that is too oily can be diluted with sand.

Preparing the solution also contains certain tricks. The finished solution does not contain grains, so the clay is pre-soaked and crushed. A solution is prepared from one part clay and three parts sand.

Laying rows. Solid refractory bricks are used for laying rows. The solution is applied in an even layer without gaps, as they can cause smoke to penetrate from the firebox. You must first lay out the row without mortar. The bricks are processed with a grinder. After laying 3-4 rows, excess mortar should be removed using a damp cloth.

In one of the projects that describes how to build a fireplace stove, the order is as follows.

Procedure for self-construction

In it you can see the formation of rows indicated by numbers. Laying must be done strictly in the specified order. Even experienced professionals and furnace masters check the diagram.

Good to know: Installation of a stove-fireplace for heating a house, installation requirements

The brick oven is equipped with some metal structures. This is a grate, a blower door, valves, and a hob. Please note in which row each of the listed elements is installed. The fireplace hearth is formed in the upper part (row 3 – 11), and the furnace firebox is formed in the lower part (row 4 – 10). One row is continuous and plays the role of the base. All manuals omit the chimney as it is not part of the project. It is subject to a certain standardization, but may still have features related to the possibility of its construction.

Construction of a chimney. The cross-sectional area of the channel was determined in the main calculations. When constructing a chimney, it is necessary to provide all conditions for its maintenance. Installing a cleaning door facilitates hassle-free cleaning. Complex labyrinths are equipped with bricks, which are laid with virtually no mortar. Such bricks can be easily removed and the labyrinth can be cleaned of soot. To quickly find the right brick, it is slightly extended relative to the plane of the masonry.

Recommendations from professionals

Experts give some important advice:

Use only well-dried firewood for burning. But you shouldn’t burn coniferous trees!
There is no need to burn garbage and waste paper. There is a risk of poisoning the surrounding atmosphere with combustion byproducts - toxins.
Many experts recommend paying attention to Finnish models when purchasing. In just a few years they have earned a good reputation around the world.
The basis for self-assembly of a stove is proper design and creation of diagrams. For alignment you need to use a building level.

Thus, the fireplace stove can be made not only of brick, but also of wood. Such designs have specific features that should be taken into account when independently designing equipment. In addition, proper planning needs to be done for placement and installation. If everything is done correctly, then such heating will remain for a long period of time.