Electric boiler for a private home: types and features

The heating of a private house is an autonomous heating system, the reliability of which depends, first of all, on the boiler. The coolant heating device can operate on many types of fuel, including electricity.

Heating a private house with an electric boiler allows you to do without the use of solid fuel, which constantly needs to be loaded into the stove, and in comparison with gas equipment, an electric boiler for heating a private house is safer equipment to operate. In order to understand the features of electric boilers, we turned to the Miralex company, which specializes in heating and water supply systems for private homes.

Electric heating system in a private house Source remont-da.ru

General information

Electric heating boilers for private homes have been used for many years, but thanks to the development of microprocessor electronics, many current devices can be easily programmed to the desired operating mode for heating the living area. Modern electronic boilers are convenient because the operation of the heating system can be easily adjusted and electricity not wasted at a time when all residents leave the house, and when using a two-tariff meter, the device can be configured for maximum operation at night, when the cost of electricity is much lower.

Electric heating boilers Source ultra-term.ru

What are they?

Water heating boilers are currently used for heating residential premises.

The main task of these boilers is to convert the energy of the boiler power source into thermal energy, which is transferred to the heat carrier.

Water is most often used as a heat carrier, which circulates through the heating system pipelines laid throughout the house.

But there are several heat sources that will release energy. The most common are gas boilers, in which thermal energy is released through the combustion of gas.

Another type of boiler is solid fuel. To release thermal energy, they also use combustion, but only wood, coal, etc.

Features of using electric boilers

Electric boilers for heating a private home are convenient because their installation does not require installing a chimney to remove gases. Electrical installations are virtually silent and do not burn oxygen in the room.

The only disadvantage of such systems can be considered the possibility of electric shock and too high prices for consumed electricity. These shortcomings can be overcome if the equipment is installed taking into account safety regulations, and to save money, as mentioned above, a two-tariff electric meter is purchased.

With the right approach to using an electric boiler in a private home, such a system is not inferior to other types of heating installations, and in many respects significantly surpasses them.

Electric boiler with water heater in a private house Source sellprint.ru

Heating element new type

Let's look at the features of each boiler. So, in heating element heating boilers, the conversion of electrical energy into heat is carried out by tubular heating elements, and heat transfer is carried out only over the contact area of ​​the heating element and the coolant.

Such heating elements are used in many heating devices.

As for the complete design of such a boiler, it consists of a body from which inlet and outlet pipes emerge.

Inside the housing there are heating elements, a power unit that supplies electricity to the heating elements, fuses that provide emergency shutdown in case of malfunction, as well as a control unit that sets the boiler operating mode, temperature, etc. and temperature monitoring sensors.

Since in this boiler the water is heated in flow mode, there is no need to include a circulation pump in such a heating system; the water moves on its own.

As for tracking sensors, two types of sensors are used in heating element boilers.

The first is more common because it is included in the boiler design. This sensor measures the temperature of the coolant.

The second type of sensor measures the air temperature in the room, so it is easier to more accurately debug the boiler operating mode with such a sensor.

But such a sensor is remote and should be located not in the boiler, but in the room heated by it.

Boiler selection criteria

Currently, specialized stores sell electric heating boilers with many characteristics, and which ones are best for a private home can be very difficult to figure out. When choosing an electric boiler, you should first of all pay attention to the following criteria:

• power;
• type of heating element;
• manufacturer;
• availability of additional functions.

The power rating of the purchased device will determine whether the device can handle heating the living space of the house, and the type of heating element used in the boiler will determine its cost. The cheapest boilers are devices that use heating elements to heat the coolant, and the most expensive are induction units. Its price depends on how well promoted the boiler manufacturer is; in addition, the cost indicator will be influenced by the presence of additional functions of electrical equipment.

Electric heating system for a large country house Source stot64.ru

Induction type

The third type of boiler is induction, which uses electromagnetic induction for heating.

In such a boiler, a ferromagnetic alloy core is heated by an inductive coil, which then transfers this heat to the carrier.

Such a boiler consists of an all-metal casing in which the inductive coil is placed in a sealed compartment so that it does not come into contact with the medium. The core is located in the center.

Water, as a carrier, passes through the channels, flows along the core, taking heat from it, and leaves the boiler heated.

How to choose a boiler for a private home

An electric boiler must fully cope with the task of heating a private home, so the device must be selected correctly in terms of power. For an accurate calculation, it is necessary to calculate the heat loss of the building. With this question, it is better to contact specialists who will not only determine the location of heat leaks, but also make the necessary calculations of the power of heating equipment. In general, you should choose devices that are 20–30% more powerful than necessary to provide heat for the entire house.

Electric boilers with heating elements

Such devices are most often used as the main or additional heating of a room. Electric boilers with heating elements can be either wall-mounted or floor-mounted. Floor-standing units, as a rule, are designed for high power and have large dimensions.

Considering the high probability of failure of the heating element, some models are equipped with two heating elements. Such installations are more reliable and allow you to fully heat the premises even if one heating element fails.

New heating element electric boiler Source kotlof.ru

Induction electric heaters

An alternating magnetic field is used to heat the coolant in induction boilers. Under the influence of strong alternating magnetic fields, the metal heats up and heat is transferred to the liquid in the tank. Thus, it is possible to completely isolate the electric heating element from the effects of liquid and salts dissolved in it.

Induction boilers are much more expensive than heating elements, but given the high reliability, efficiency and high power of such heating systems, experts recommend choosing to purchase boilers of this type.

Vortex induction heater Source nn.kotel-t.ru

Electrode boiler

The so-called “direct action” unit, since there is no heating element. It heats due to the flow of alternating electric current through the coolant with a frequency of 50 vibrations/second. Heating is carried out due to the rapid movement of water ions. Such an electric boiler is safe, since if the system leaks, it will automatically turn off.

The disadvantages include the increased requirement for water, which must have the required resistance. Periodic replacement of the electrodes is also necessary; they dissolve over time. To avoid the risk of electric shock, heating with an electrode unit is only possible if there is good grounding.

Installation and operation of an electric boiler

You can install an electric heating boiler yourself. Depending on the type of unit purchased, the heating installation is mounted on the wall or on the floor. In both cases, installation is carried out in the following sequence:

• marking the location of the boiler;
• drilling mounting holes;
• installation of the boiler on anchor bolts;
• connecting the boiler to grounding;
• connecting the device to the heating system;
• connecting the device to the power supply;
• filling the heating system with coolant and removing air pockets;
• boiler startup.

Diagram for connecting an electric boiler to a heating system Source stroyfora.ru
If all of the above steps were performed correctly, the electric boiler will start and the heating system will begin to function normally. During operation of the boiler, it is necessary to monitor the coolant level in the tank. If it drops to a minimum, then add water to the normal value.

If leaks occur, to prevent the device from malfunctioning, it is necessary to immediately eliminate the depressurization of the system. Also, during operation, electric boilers for the home must be cleaned of dirt and the wiring connected to the device is in good condition.

Important! The installation and connection of an electric boiler should be done by professionals.

Rating of the best models of electric boilers for the home in 2022

Protherm Scat RAY 12 KE/14

This product is distinguished by a very high efficiency factor - this figure for the boiler reaches 99.5%, and both water and antifreeze can be used as a coolant. The design is absolutely safe due to the use of a large number of the latest and original solutions: a thermal fuse is installed, frost protection is provided, and the pump is protected from overheating and from idling. In general, the brand of these boilers has long proven itself to be successful among Russian consumers. The model is available in eight modifications, differing from each other in power ratings - from 6 to 28 kW. The boiler has a storage boiler. Despite the fact that it belongs to a single-circuit product, it is possible to heat a certain amount of water in it. It is possible to connect a room regulator, after which the system will automatically maintain the most comfortable temperature at home.

The case has a liquid crystal display and a very informative display. The controls are intuitive, so you can figure it out quickly enough. The boiler does not need to be connected to a chimney; it operates from a standard household electrical outlet. Maintenance does not require special skills. The product is very reliable, as it has a self-diagnosis system and a large number of sensors that check the performance of all equipment elements. The boiler has a circulation pump and an expansion tank, so there is no need to install them outside the device.

Advantages:

• Works absolutely silently;
• All parameters are supported stably;
• High efficiency;
• Long service life;
• Reliability;
• Occupies a minimum amount of free space;
• There is an informative display.

Flaws:

• The thermostat is not included and will have to be purchased separately.

Electric boiler Protherm Skat RAY 12 KE/14

9. Vaillant eloBLOCK VE 9

This equipment is perfect for making an individual heating system in a private home. The boiler has high power, thanks to which the room warms up to the set temperature within just a few hours. It can be used not only for residential, but also for industrial premises, the area of ​​which is no more than 120 square meters.

If necessary, it can be connected to a heating system of the “warm floor” type; it is possible to connect a storage boiler. The body is made of thin sheet stainless steel. On its front side there is a convenient and extremely clear external control panel, equipped with an LED display, where you can easily adjust the temperature. The design includes a powerful and efficient microprocessor that ensures the accuracy of all changes in the heating system.

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To extend the service life of the unit, the manufacturer equipped it with a number of protective systems - protection from overheating, from too high pressure in the system, from freezing, etc. The power changes smoothly, which prevents overloads. The kit includes an external temperature sensor that will transmit data to the microprocessor. This, in turn, will increase or decrease the temperature of the coolant.

Advantages:

• Significant heating area;
• Possibility of connection to the “warm floor” system;
• You can additionally purchase a hot water boiler;
• The expansion tank is equipped with a mechanical pressure gauge;
• Operates exclusively on 200 V.

Flaws:

• Expensive service;
• High price.

Boiler Vaillant eloBLOCK VE 9

EVAN Next 5

It can be used for heating not only private houses, but also summer cottages, warehouses and even small commercial premises. Often, some people purchase such products as a backup heat source if a solid fuel or gas appliance is installed as the main one. By and large, such a boiler is a monoblock, where control elements and all the necessary automation are located under one body, including an expansion tank and a circulation pump. There is a built-in thermostat, due to which the temperature of the coolant can range from 30 to 85 degrees. Three-stage equipment power control. In order to ensure maximum safety when heating the coolant to a set temperature, the thermostat turns off the power to the device, and when the temperature drops below the set limit, it will restart the device.

In order to further protect the device from overheating, it has a built-in emergency thermal switch of a self-resetting type. It is triggered when the temperature in the system rises to 92 degrees. The heating element is made of stainless steel, which significantly extends its service life. The design of the heating element is block-based, so if necessary, this part is very easy to replace. If desired, the boiler can be connected to a water heated floor system, and a unit can be installed that provides remote control of this device.

Advantages:

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• Acceptable cost of the unit;
• Very high quality of components and assembly;
• It is possible to install additional elements;
• Automation works instantly;
• Can be connected to a heated floor system.

Flaws:

• The case is quite dirty - fingerprints and dust are visible on it.

EVAN Next 5

EVAN EPO 4

This domestic product is one of the most budget models presented in our rating of the best electric boilers. The main distinguishing feature of the unit is the absence of a housing, but at the same time it retains all the basic qualities and functions. The temperature range is from 30 to 85 degrees - which is quite enough even for the most severe climatic conditions. If necessary, you can connect an external thermostat with a remote control module to the device, but you will have to purchase it separately.

The thermostat is automatic - it is activated when the coolant temperature drops below the set value. There is an overheat protection system: the boiler will turn off when the water warms up to 92 degrees. The heating element is made of thick-walled stainless steel, characterized by a long service life. The device weighs only 15 kg, the maximum pressure in the system is about 4.5 bar, and is designed for connection to a single-phase line with a voltage of 220 V.

Advantages:

• Reliable stainless steel heating elements;
• Does not require maintenance during the entire service life;
• Simple device;
• Low price.

Flaws:

• The need to purchase additional devices such as a thermostat;
• Lack of housing.

EVAN EPO 4

RusNIT 209M

Medium power equipment - consumes only about 9 kW, takes up little space, and is mounted on the wall. The boiler can be used both for heating and for a hot water supply system due to the additional installation of a boiler. When installing heating equipment, you will have to install an expansion tank and a circulation pump, since these elements are missing in the boiler.

There is a reliable and durable automatic system that allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room - no more than 30 degrees. The temperature sensor can be placed either close to the installation or at a distance of up to 10 meters from it. There is a stepwise power adjustment - 30, 60 and 100%. The heating element and heat exchanger are made of high-quality stainless steel; water or antifreeze can be used as a coolant. Communication of heating elements is carried out using semiconductor structures, which increases the life of the device and allows it to operate completely silently. When turned on, the contacts do not burn and no interference occurs. The boiler is absolutely safe; it has several sensors that monitor the condition of the main systems.

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Advantages:

• Perfectly withstands low voltage – up to 20%;
• The kit includes a temperature control sensor;
• The control is located on remote elements;
• Functions without failures;
• Heated area up to 65 square meters;
• Pleasant appearance and small overall dimensions;
• Connects to both single-phase and three-phase networks;
• The pump can operate in both automatic and forced mode.

Flaws:

• The magnetic starter hums a little, the issue can be solved by configuring the device;
• Difficult to connect due to confusing phase, neutral and ground locations.

RusNIT 209M

ZOTA 9 Lux

The boiler is designed quite simply, which makes it easier to install and connect, and even when installing a heated floor system, you will not have to install additional control valves. The unit weighs little and has small overall dimensions, easy access to the heating elements, making boiler maintenance much easier. The boiler has convenient connecting connectors for all electronic units.

The device is equipped with a large number of fairly accurate sensors; if necessary, you can connect a weekly thermostat to use the equipment in fully automatic mode. It has a self-diagnosis system and internal memory for individual settings. In such boilers, you can use a GSM module, due to which all basic operations will be carried out from a mobile phone. The boiler is very reliable; all heating elements are made from stainless steel tubes with a diameter of 7.4 mm.

Advantages:

• Availability of a reliable overheating protection system;
• The kit includes a room thermostat;
• Small dimensions;
• Easy to install.

Flaws:

• It makes a little noise during operation;
• The design does not include an expansion tank or circulation pump.

ZOTA 9 Lux

ZOTA 12 Economy

Allows you to provide sufficient heat to residential and industrial premises, the area of ​​which does not exceed 480 square meters. m. These products are suitable for systems with natural and forced circulation of coolant. The boiler is single-circuit and is not designed to supply hot water to the water supply system. It takes up the minimum amount of free space in the room. The heating elements are made using original technology; they are made from stainless steel tubes and can withstand any thermal load well. The boiler and the device control unit are housed in different housings. The control panel can operate both on power relays (they operate absolutely silently) and on magnetic starters, depending on the model modification of the device. In addition, the products are available in different power options - from 3 to 15 kW.

A sensor can be built into the control panel of the device, providing automatic adjustment of the air temperature in the room within the range from +10 to +35 degrees. The coolant temperature at the boiler outlet is in the range from +40 to +90. There are also automatically switched power levels, due to which the consumed electricity is consumed more economically. The boiler is equipped with a system for automatic diagnostics and rotation of heating and power elements.

Advantages:

• Suitable for absolutely any heating systems;
• Stylish appearance;
• Long service life;
• High quality components;
• Convenient and simple controls;
• Reliability and efficiency of the device.

Flaws:

• When the pressure in a forced-type system decreases, it begins to hum a little.

ZOTA 12 Economy

Reco 6P

Designed to create comfortable living conditions in industrial and residential premises, the area of ​​which does not exceed 60 square meters. m. The products are absolutely environmentally friendly; during operation they do not emit combustion products, so the likelihood of carbon monoxide poisoning is zero. The boiler can operate from various networks - 220 and 380 V. Power adjustment is carried out both manually and automatically. The electric boiler is also characterized by an attractive and stylish appearance. This is a fairly reliable design - the expansion tank and all heating elements are made of high-quality stainless steel. The functionality has been expanded: you can program the device’s operating schedule for a whole week; it also has an energy consumption meter, so the consumer will always be aware of how much electricity this heating device has consumed.

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Switching of heating elements here is carried out thanks to semiconductor systems, which have a significant service life, operate absolutely silently, no burning of contacts or occurrence of radio interference has been detected. Power adjustment occurs without phase imbalance. All elements function normally even at reduced voltage. The boiler can be built into a heated floor system; both water and antifreeze are used as a coolant. The product is controlled through a functional panel equipped with a liquid crystal display with all the necessary indications.

Advantages:

• Intelligent installation control system;
• The system independently collects and processes data regarding the temperature of the coolant and air in the room;
• Electricity consumption meter installed;
• Groups of heating elements can be controlled automatically.

Flaws:

• Not suitable for large areas.

Electric boiler Reco 6P

Evan Warmos QX-18

It takes an honorable second place in the ranking of electric boilers. By and large, this unit is a boiler room in miniature; it is distinguished by domestic production, mechanical control, which is very easy to understand. Can be used for both residential and industrial premises; the boiler is equipped with a membrane-type expansion tank. It is designed for an area of ​​up to 180 square meters.

The heating elements are made of stainless steel; water or antifreeze can be poured into the heating system. The device perfectly withstands voltage surges and phase imbalance. The kit includes a remote programmer that allows you to store a weekly operating cycle in the device’s memory. The boiler is absolutely safe due to the presence of a large number of different types of sensors: pressure, temperature, a protection system against short circuits and overloads in the electrical network. The unit is very economical and is equipped with light and sound alarms in case of problems.

Advantages:

• Large volume of expansion tank - 12 liters;
• Convenient access to the control panel;
• There is a built-in pump;
• Can operate on both 220 V and 380 V;
• There is an emergency warning system;
• The controls are mechanical, but all devices are electronic.

Flaws:

• It is advisable to connect through a stabilizer;
• Considerable mass;
• The capacitor is one of the most vulnerable points of the device.

Evan Warmos QX-18

EVAN EPO 6

Well suited for heating large areas, characterized by high reliability, long service life and ease of use. The device operates silently due to the original pump system and unique stainless steel housing. The unit can be used for heating country houses, so it is permissible to fill antifreeze as a coolant, large industrial premises, and so on.

The efficiency is 93% at a load of about 50% of the maximum power, the temperature is controlled smoothly, with an accuracy of a degree. You can additionally purchase a GSM-Climate module for remote control of equipment. There is a self-diagnosis system. For safe operation, the boiler is equipped with a thermostat, emergency switch and other systems.

Advantages:

• Low price and high reliability;
• Easy maintenance and installation.

Flaws:

• Not detected.

EVAN Electric boilers

EVAN EPO 6

Disadvantages of heating with electricity

The main disadvantage of using electric boilers for heating a private home is the high probability of a power outage. This usually occurs during natural disasters and power line failures. Such troubles arise especially often in the winter season, when the heating operation should not be interrupted for a long period of time.

Considering the large power consumption of such devices, it is almost impossible to provide backup power to the heating system using batteries. The problem can only be solved by connecting powerful generators, which are expensive and consume large amounts of gasoline or diesel fuel.

If you need to connect a powerful heating installation, then, as a rule, such boilers are powered from a three-phase electrical network. Therefore, if in a populated area it is not possible to connect a voltage of 380 V, then heating with electricity will be unavailable for a large private house.

An important disadvantage of using electricity is the high cost of electricity, which only increases every year.

Prices: summary table

Calculation of electricity consumption

The efficiency of all modern electric boilers is 99%. This means that, for example, at maximum load, a boiler producing 12 kW of thermal energy will consume 12.1 kW/hour of electricity. An additional 60-150 W is consumed by the circulation pump, if available.

However, it is important to understand that the electric boiler does not operate at full capacity all the time, since the operating mode depends on the set parameters and the heat loss of the house, which are especially high during the coldest decades of the heating season. These parameters are individual and cannot be planned in advance. However, on average during the heating season, an electric boiler consumes about 40-70% of its maximum power.

For example, for a dacha in the Moscow region with an area of ​​100 m2, electricity consumption is 12 kW * 0.5 * 24 = 144 kW/day or 4,320 kW per month, which at the current tariff is 5.38 rubles. for 1 kWh = 23,241.6 rubles/month.

To significantly reduce costs, it is necessary to install a meter that differentiates consumption by 3 zones of the day: peak (RUB 7.00), half-peak (RUB 5.38) and night (RUB 2.29). So, in practice, it is possible to reduce costs to 10-14 thousand rubles per month.