Electricity consumption for heating a house of 100 m2: boiler and electricity - heated floor and convector + Video

When starting the construction of their home, everyone asks the question: what energy source will they use to heat it? The choice is quite large, the amount of financial costs is very different. In general, there is something to think about and even get confused about. Therefore, in this article we will talk about the costs of heating a house using different types of fuel.

About choosing a heat source

It’s good if you are lucky and there is gas on the site. And if it is not there, then what to do? You can use liquefied propane gas, bury the gas tank, not forgetting to periodically service it and fill it on time.

You can use an electric boiler, if, of course, there is enough electricity power limit, you can use a solid fuel, wood, or pallet boiler, or you can use a boiler with a diesel burner or, which is now gaining popularity, a heat pump. The main thing is to know the costs of heating your home.

You can estimate how much the equipment and its installation cost quite accurately by calling specialized offices, but not everyone will ask how much they will then pay monthly for energy consumption. Even if he thinks about it, he is unlikely to find the answers.

So now we’ll figure out how much it costs to heat a house, or more precisely, how much does 1 kW of heat cost, depending on the choice of energy source?

How to save energy?

Today there are many options for saving energy. These methods are not at all complicated, but for them to work you need to use them every day. Reducing energy consumption will not only save the family budget, but will also reduce emissions into the environment.

Simple and time-tested saving methods

1. Use of energy-saving light bulbs. Such lamps practically do not heat up, so electricity is spent only on lighting. On average, the service life of such lamps is up to 3 years, and this will significantly save costs. Such lamps consume 5 times less electricity, their service life is 10 times longer and pay for themselves in 1 year.
2. When using household appliances, it is important to follow the instructions. Let's take the refrigerator for example. It cannot be placed near a stove or radiator, as the device will need to work uninterruptedly to maintain the required temperature. The same applies to the moment when hot food is placed. It is important not to forget to defrost the refrigerator in a timely manner, since ice in the freezer contributes to high energy costs (up to 20%).
3. When leaving the room, do not forget to turn off the lights. This advice is the most effective way to save energy.
4. Clean light bulbs regularly. At first glance, such advice seems ridiculous. But few people know that dust can block up to 15% of the light. It is important not to forget about the cleanliness of the lampshades. You can use lower wattage lamps.
5. Make some minor cosmetic repairs to the room. When choosing wallpaper, you should pay attention to light shades, as they can make the room 80% brighter and more comfortable. We should not forget about the ceiling; it should be made white. This way you will turn on the lights less often.
6. Application of heat-reflecting screens. They are made from foil or foam foam. They should be installed behind the battery. Thanks to such screens, the temperature in the room can be raised by several degrees.
7. Insulation of the room. It is necessary to insulate the windows or replace them with metal-plastic ones. Up to 30% of heat can be lost through windows. You should hang thick curtains on the windows. If possible, you need to insulate the entrance doors, as well as the walls, ceilings, floors and roofs of the house.
8. Purchasing household appliances of class “A”, “A+” and “A++” can save up to 50% of electricity.
9. It is not recommended to leave devices in “standby” mode. A person uses any technology for only a few hours during the day. The rest of the time it is in “standby” mode and gradually absorbs electricity. To save money, devices should be turned off from the network.

And so, we already know how many kilowatts are needed for a home. Let's summarize. From what was described above, it follows that if we use electricity sparingly, then we can easily invest in 15 kW, and for a small house this is even enough for heating. Then the whole family will feel comfortable in their cozy nest.

House heating costs with liquefied gas

Let's start talking about the cost of heating a house with a boiler room using liquefied gas. We omit all technical aspects regarding the choice of gas tank, location on the site for its installation, periodic maintenance, and timely filling. Let's talk about the fuel itself.

The calorific value of 1 liter of propane is 6.76 kW/h. This value is obtained by multiplying the calorific value of 1 kg of LPG 12.992 kW/h x density of LPG (0.52 kg/l).

Next, we clarify the efficiency of the gas boiler, it is equal to 0.92. We also clarify the cost of 1 liter of liquefied gas in your region, for example, 16.5 rubles.

Let us immediately clarify that all calculations take prices for the Moscow region, so if you live in another region, then they may differ slightly.

Then we perform the simplest calculation of home heating costs: cost of 1 liter of LPG/(calorific value of 1 liter of LPGxEfficiency)

Substituting all the data, we find that the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from a liquefied gas boiler is 2.65 rubles.

Rules and regulations

Seal on the introductory machine

Electrification of residential, administrative, and industrial facilities is carried out on the basis of the specifications of the provider organization. One of the clauses of the contract specifies how much power will be allocated to the consumer network. The basis for declaring power and forming technical specifications are calculations.

Electrical connection to residential and public buildings is carried out in accordance with SP 31-110-2003 and temporary instructions RM 2696-01. The documents state that the allocated electrical power for houses that consume electricity of the 1st category is not standardized. Objects are connected based on requests.

Housing stock of the 2nd category has two electrification standards:

• from 5 to 7 kilowatts is the norm for a private house or apartment where gas stoves are installed;
• from 8 to 11 kW - for objects where there is an electric stove.

The least amount of power falls on a small-sized apartment and a house built under the social housing program.

Currently, the standards from 2006 are in effect. In buildings before this period, the power output is much lower.

Heating costs with a diesel boiler room

Next, let's look at a diesel boiler room. Similarly, we calculate the thermal capacity of 1 liter of diesel fuel using the following indicators:

• The calorific value of 1 kg of diesel fuel is 11,860 kW/h;
• Density of diesel fuel – 0.86 kg/l;
• The calorific value of 1 liter of diesel fuel is 10.20 kW/h;
• The efficiency of a diesel boiler is 0.9.
• The efficiency of a diesel boiler is slightly lower, it is about 90%.
• The average cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel in Moscow is 36.8 rubles.

We substitute all the initial data into the formula:
Cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel / (calorific value of 1 liter of diesel fuel x efficiency)
and we find that the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from diesel fuel is 4.01 rubles.

Boiler on pallets

Let's look at the costs of heating a house with a boiler room with a boiler on pallets. The calorific value of 1 kg pallet is 4.8 kW/h.

The efficiency of a pallet boiler is 0.87, that is, about 87%. The cost of 1 kg of light pallets for Moscow is approximately 7.80 rubles.

We calculate, accordingly, the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from a pallet boiler - 1.87 rubles.

Solid fuel boiler using birch wood

Then let's look at a solid fuel boiler using birch wood. The calorific value of 1 kg of firewood is 4.2 kW/h.

The efficiency of a solid fuel boiler is 0.7. This figure of 70% is the lowest of all possible heat sources discussed in the article.

The cost of 1 kg of firewood is approximately 3.33 rubles. We find that the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from a solid fuel boiler is 1.13 rubles.

Costs with an electric boiler

Now let's look at the capabilities of the electric boiler. In this case, you need to understand whether the allocated power limit is enough for you? Secondly, two-tariff electricity metering is already implemented almost everywhere.

Let's look at two options: single-tariff and two-tariff.

Single tariff option

In the single-tariff version, the cost of heating a house turns out that the cost of 1 kW/h of electricity in the Moscow region for 2022 is 4.04 rubles. In this case, the efficiency of an electric boiler is 1.

Accordingly, the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from an electric boiler is 4.04 rubles. In this case, savings can be achieved by using automation so as not to overheat the room needlessly.

Two-tariff option

In the two-tariff version, together with an electric boiler, a storage tank of the appropriate volume is installed. In this case, the boiler mainly operates at night, at maximum power, at the night tariff.

It heats the room, and excess heat goes into the storage tank. Then, during the day, the room is heated using the heat accumulated at night at the night tariff.

Sometimes this heat is not enough and the boiler does not heat the house, sometimes this heat is produced in excess, so we take into account that heating occurs only at the night rate.

The cost of 1 kW/h of electricity in the Moscow region for 2022 (at night tariff) is 1.26 rubles.

The efficiency of an electric boiler is 1. In this case, the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from an electric boiler is 1.26 rubles.

That is, the cost will be a similar figure to the cost of electricity at the night tariff and will be equal to 1.26 rubles.

The concept of permissible electrical power for an apartment and ways to increase it

Based on para. 7 clause 2 of Rule No. 861, the maximum installed electrical power is the largest amount of power that can be allocated by the electricity provider. It is measured in kilowatts, taken into account by common house and apartment appliances, and paid according to the established tariff. But in some cases, the power is not enough, and consumers begin to think about increasing it through legal means.

1. What is “dedicated power” of electricity?
2. What are the dangers of exceeding the permitted power?
3. Rules and regulations
4. How to find out how much power is allocated
5. Calculation of required power
6. How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?
7. How to increase allocated power
8. For individuals
9. For legal entities and companies

Costs with a heat pump

Now let's look at the costs of heating a house with a heat pump. This is a new, complex topic. This is a very promising direction, but only if the equipment costs less and there are more specialists. Let’s skip the technical part and find out the cost of 1 kW.

In this case, we take into account the cost of 1 kW/h of electricity in the Moscow region for 2022 - 4.04 rubles. We take exactly this maximum tariff value.

Heat pump efficiency (conversion coefficient or thermal coefficient COP) is 3.61. This coefficient means that for every 1 kW of electricity consumed we will receive 3.61 kW of heat. Based on this, the cost of 1 kW/h of heat from a heat pump is 1.12 rubles.

Let's calculate the cost of 1 kW of heat from a gas boiler. Calorific value of 1 cubic meter m of natural gas – 10.11 kW/h.

• The cost of 1 kW/h of electricity in the Moscow region is 4.04 rubles.
• The efficiency of a gas boiler is 0.92.
• The cost of 1 kW/h of heat from a natural gas boiler is 0.43 rubles.

What does power consumption depend on?

The size of the boiler's electrical power is influenced by a number of interrelated quantities. For average calculations, the ceiling height in the house is taken to be up to 3 m, then the calculation can be reduced to a simple ratio: 1 kW of boiler power will provide heating for 10 m2 of building area.

This formula allows you to quite accurately determine how much electricity an electric boiler installed in the climatic region of central Russia consumes.

For a more accurate calculation, it is necessary to additionally take into account correction factors for the following indicators:

• material and technical condition of window products, doors and floor coverings;
• material of wall structures;
• roofing material and design;
• building insulation system;
• climatic region.

If the house is blown from all sides, then 5 kW per 10 m2 will probably not be enough for the owner. Energy saving of a heating facility is an indispensable condition for the operation of such a boiler and it directly depends on the high-quality thermal insulation of the heating facility’s structure and compliance with the requirements of construction technology during its construction.

Experts do not advise choosing a boiler unit with a large power reserve, since this leads to excessive consumption of electricity; the maximum reserve should be in the range from 15% to 25%.

House heating cost table

So here's the pivot table. In addition to the cost of 1 kW, the estimated cost of equipment without installation has been added.

Let us explain what concerns the liquefied fuel boiler room: the cost of 1 kW, which we calculated, plus the cost of a gas boiler and plus the average cost of a gas holder without installation, of course.

Diesel boiler room: the cost of 1 kW is 4.01, the cost of a diesel boiler with a burner is 65,000 rubles, and the cost of a fuel tank is 20,000 rubles.

Boiler room on a pallet boiler: the average cost of a boiler on pallets is 180,000 rubles.

The average cost of a solid fuel boiler is 40,000 rubles.

The cost of an electric boiler is 30,000 rubles.

In the example with an electric boiler, we indicate the cost of the boiler equal to 30,000 rubles and plus the cost of the buffer tank equal to 90,000 rubles.

The cost of a heat pump with equipment will cost approximately 450,000 rubles.

As for the cost of heating a house if gas is available, at the lowest cost of kWh, equal to 0.43, connecting gas is still quite expensive: that is, on average in Moscow it is about 350,000 rubles.

Perhaps in your region it will all be much cheaper.