High-quality piping of a double-circuit gas boiler - effective savings

Autonomous heating allows you not to depend on established consumption standards, the pricing policy of heat suppliers and their mood. This makes it possible to independently control the heating process and maintain the most comfortable temperature in the house, while saving resources.

And if you wire your heating boiler with your own hands, then it will last longer and will take up less financial resources, isn’t it? But have you never engaged in tying, and the word itself seems incomprehensible to you at first glance?

Don’t be intimidated by the abundance of pipes, devices and technological steps - after reading the article, you will be up to the task. Here we consider piping schemes for floor and wall types of heating equipment, select illustrative photos and recommendations from specialists for piping at home.

Selecting a heating system wiring diagram

There are several options for lining the boiler with polypropylene.
This scheme is selected individually for each house. What is optimal in one building may be ineffective in another. In addition, heating systems based on the principle of water movement are divided into: forced with a hydraulic pump and gravity (gravity, natural), there is also a classification based on the construction of pipelines. According to their structure, they are single- and double-pipe, collector beam or analogues with closed rings.

Which is better: gravity or pump?

In the gravity circuit, heated water flows from the boiler to the radiators by gravity. A hot coolant that has a high temperature always tends to replace a colder liquid. This heating boiler piping system is the easiest to assemble. In addition to the heater, it contains polypropylene pipes, radiators and an expansion tank.

In the version with top distribution, water, after heating, rises to the highest point - into the expander, and from there it goes down to the batteries. After the heat is released, it returns to the boiler, where it is heated again, then starting a new cycle.

This is how heating is installed in many houses in our country’s villages. Only there is a solid fuel stove. This is the simplest and cheapest way to organize heating for a small cottage. However, it has limitations both in the number of connected radiators and in the distance of the outermost one from the water heater.

The piping scheme with natural water movement is the simplest of all possible options, it has a minimum of nodes and connection points for polypropylene pipes

The compulsory system is more complex and expensive. However, it greatly simplifies the creation of comfortable temperatures in individual rooms. The coolant moves in it due to the stimulation of its movement by the pump.

The choice of polypropylene pipe layout and the boiler itself are closely related. The natural circulation system is energy independent. If the water heater does not require power from the electrical network, then even during power outages the house will be heated.

In a forced circuit, the pump requires a constant power supply to operate. Therefore, it is best to select a boiler for it that is dependent on electricity, which has additional capabilities. But in order to insure against voltage problems, you will have to purchase a backup generator or uninterruptible power supply.

Which heating scheme is better to choose?

There are many ways to route polypropylene pipelines from the boiler to the heating radiators.

But all these schemes are divided into:

• single-pipe;
• two-pipe.

In single-pipe systems, heated water supplied as a coolant is supplied and discharged through one pipe. In two-pipe systems for supplying coolant and return, i.e. to drain cooled water back into the boiler for heating, separate lines are constructed.

According to the method of connecting the working components, heating circuits are divided into:

• tee;
• collector

Tee types can be used for both gravity and forced circulation. The collector circuit can only work if there is a circulation pump.

A single-pipe circuit is obviously cheaper than a two-pipe circuit, but the radiator farthest in the chain from the boiler receives a minimum of thermal energy (+)

The single-pipe method involves laying one looped line and connecting batteries in series to it. In a two-pipe scheme, two independent pipelines with hot water and return flow from the boiler. And radiators are already connected to them.

With collector piping, one or two collectors are built into the system, from which separate pipes are routed to each battery. Also, such a distributor allows you to connect a “warm floor” made of the same PPR to the boiler.

Collector wiring makes it possible to create efficient heating systems for houses of large area and different number of storeys (+)

The use of collectors and separate risers for each battery leads to a significant increase in the cost of both design and installation. At the project preparation stage, more complex calculations have to be made. And during assembly, a much larger volume of polypropylene is consumed. But what we get is a system, each part of which can be adjusted to specific conditions and requirements.

Why do you need a heat accumulator?

The heat accumulator is a tank that is connected to the boiler and water circuit. Its body is reliably covered with a heat insulator and allows it to accumulate warm water for the circuit, and then heat the room for about a day when the boiler is turned off.

How does a heat accumulator work:

1. The heating unit is loaded with fuel and ignited.
2. The circulation pump pumps coolant through the heat exchanger. Cold water from the bottom of the tank rushes into the boiler, and already heated water arrives at the top. Since the density of the cold and hot liquid is different, it will not mix. This will gradually fill the tank with hot water.
3. If the calculations are done correctly, when the fuel burns out, the container will be filled with hot water at the required temperature. Good thermal insulation will keep the coolant hot for a long time.
4. When the boiler is not functioning, the heating system continues to perform its task. The circulation pump of the heating circuit circulates the coolant through the system. Water is drawn from the top “hot zone” of the tank.
5. The water returns to the return line already cooled, so the heat accumulator will gradually release the accumulated heat.

In real conditions, water is drawn into the heating system continuously. The heat accumulator accumulates “excess”, currently unclaimed heat.

A battery with a volume of 3 tons, with a supply of water at a temperature of 40-80°C, will be able to heat a house with an area of ​​80 sq.m. for a day. These parameters correspond to 170-175 kW hour. heat.

A regular boiler needs to be heated up to five times a day. If a heat accumulator is installed, the frequency of adding fuel to the combustion chamber will be reduced by five times. The heated water in the tank will gradually release heat energy to the radiators. A solid fuel boiler will work much more economically. This scheme for connecting a heating boiler in a private house allows you to heat the room for a long time without reducing the boiler power.

It is very beneficial to pair a heat accumulator with an electric boiler when saving energy resources is especially important.

The nuances of strapping

Despite the fact that the harness is selected individually, there are several general provisions that must be adhered to:

1. The boiler for schemes with natural heating circulation is installed below the level of the radiators.
2. The base for installing floor-standing units must be made of non-combustible materials.
3. Boiler rooms are equipped with ventilation and lighting.
4. The boiler unit is connected with the inclusion of a coaxial chimney.
5. After assembling and installing the unit and smoke ventilation systems, a safety group is installed: a control pressure gauge, a pressure relief valve and then an air vent.
6. The expansion tank is installed between the hydraulic switch and the boiler unit.

Connecting a wall-mounted boiler

This type of boiler allows installation on the wall in the kitchen. Structurally, it is made in such a way that the necessary piping has already been carried out by the manufacturer, and its elements are supplied as a kit. Depending on the type of unit, they can be single or double circuit, so the number of pipes for piping may differ.

Wiring a wall-mounted gas boiler

Algorithm for piping a double-circuit gas boiler:

1. Remove the plugs from the pipes.
2. Install a strainer on the return line to remove dirt and suspended solids.
3. A filter is installed to purify water from hardness salts; it can be installed on the common tap water inlet.
4. When piping a wall-mounted gas boiler, shut-off and control valves with detachable connections, for example, “American” ones, are installed.
5. The cold water pipes are located on the left side relative to the center of the boiler, and the hot water pipes are located on the right.
6. The boiler is connected to the gas mains with the involvement of a certified specialist; the final approval of the boiler will be issued by a representative of Gorgaz after a test run of the boiler equipment.
7. When piping a double-circuit gas boiler, the threaded gas connections are sealed only with tow.
8. Install a special filter on the gas shut-off valve.
9. The boiler is connected to the gas main with a corrugated hose and a union nut with a paranitic gasket.

Connecting a floor-standing gas boiler

This scheme requires a separate room to house the boiler, since floor-standing models are large and often have an open firebox design that works with natural circulation through the gas-air path. The scheme also includes a pump for coolant circulation, especially for piping a double-circuit gas boiler and for a multifaceted heating level: number of floors, different types of heating - radiator and “warm floor”.

The circuit for dual-circuit heating (heating and domestic hot water) consists of 5 pipes: 1 - gas, 4 - water coolant. The first is connected to the burner device with a ball valve.

Connection diagram for water coolant when piping a floor-standing gas boiler:

• Heating boiler inlet;
• heating boiler output;
• DHW heat exchanger inlet;
• DHW heat exchanger output.

The distribution of water flows is automatic, performed by a three-way valve, hydraulic arrow or balancing valves.

For piping a floor-standing gas boiler with extensive heating networks and a long distance, it is recommended to connect 2 collectors with an autonomous pump, for example, one for low-temperature coolant up to 50 C for a “warm floor” system, and the other up to 90 C for conventional radiators.

To reduce the temperature, the manifold can be equipped with a mixer or a three-way valve with a servo drive installed between the supply and return on the comb. Sensors allow you to set different temperatures in the circuits.

Thus, in order to properly tie the boiler, you will need not only experience in installation work, but also strict compliance with state operating rules and the requirements of the manufacturer.

Where to begin

The choice of a gas device should be based not only on the capabilities of the homeowner.

It is necessary to determine the purpose of the unit; it is available in two formats - with one or two water circuits.

The single-circuit model serves only to heat the room, without obtaining additional benefits.

The dual-circuit device provides hot water and has a built-in coil. You can additionally install a heat accumulator where hot water will accumulate and immediately use hot water supply in large volumes.

You need to purchase equipment in stores where the products are fully certified, an official guarantee is issued, and a receipt is issued.

Gas boiler room standards

Equipment running on gas requires a separate room - a boiler room.

The room should have an area of ​​4 square meters. m, but the size of the boiler room depends on the power of the device: the more powerful the boiler, the larger the boiler room should be. The ceiling height must be at least 2.7 m.

Devices with a power of up to 15 kW can be installed regardless of the floor, but more productive ones are installed below the level of the first floor, preferably in the basement.

Standard requirements for a boiler room

Installation of the boiler or piping in the kitchen, living rooms, or bathrooms is not allowed.

A door is required with a gap of 2-3 cm at the top or bottom, which will ensure fresh ventilation of the boiler room.

The installation site must be strong and level. If a heavy unit is used, it is better to pour a foundation under it so that the area exceeds the dimensions of the bottom of the boiler by 10 cm in each direction.

Boiler room ventilation diagram

The walls and floors that will directly touch the unit are sheathed with sheet iron and covered with heat-resistant plaster.

A window of 30*30 cm is required, the larger the room, the more windows.

If the equipment has a closed combustion chamber operating on the convection principle, a dedicated room is not required.

The design of the device allows installation near any external wall; a coaxial chimney is used to remove combustion waste.

Coaxial chimney

The peculiarity of the coaxial pipe is the possibility of direct output through the wall, acting as a smoke exhaust and supply ventilation. The chimney simultaneously removes combustion products and captures street air, directing it to the burner.

The type of draft is considered more efficient than using air from the room.

The horizontal part of the pipe located in the house should not be more than 3 m, the number of turns of the chimney should not exceed 3.

Preparing the boiler room for acceptance by the gas service:

Preparing documents

It is necessary to study the standards and rules for installing a gas boiler.

You should familiarize yourself with SNiP 02/31/2001 on gas supply to a private house, 01/41/2003 on ventilation, heating, 01/21/97 on fire safety, 04/2/01-85 on water supply and sewerage. The latter is needed to properly supply water to the heat generator.

More details about the rules for arranging a boiler room are written in SNiP 2.04.08-87.

An application for connection must be sent to the local gas service, with preliminary calculations of the total gas consumption for heating.

To calculate the parameter, indicative SNiP 31-02 has been issued, where paragraph 9.1.3 displays the average daily fuel consumption rates for different devices.

If the answer is positive, the applicant receives a document describing the technical conditions for gas supply. You will be required to fully implement the requirements described in your permit.

Installation of gas equipment requires prior approval, even if the device will be powered by a cylinder.

After ensuring the conditions, they proceed to drawing up an installation project, which will be based on data from the official permit. The scheme is drawn up only by design specialists with a valid license.

An example of a gas boiler installation diagram

The completed project is sent to the local supply service for approval, copies of the technical data sheet of the device, instructions, certificates, examinations with a conclusion on the safety of the boiler are attached.

If the answer is negative, the motivating part will be described with a list of points that require correction. After eliminating the shortcomings, you can resubmit the documents.

What is a harness and what is it made of?

The heating system has two main parts - the boiler and radiators or heated floors. What connects them and ensures safety is the harness. Depending on the type of installed boiler, different elements are used, therefore they usually consider separately the piping of solid fuel units without automation and automated (usually gas) boilers. They have different operating algorithms, the main ones being the ability to heat the boiler heater in the active combustion phase to high temperatures and the presence/absence of automation. This imposes a number of restrictions and additional requirements that must be met when piping a boiler running on solid fuel.

An example of a boiler piping - first there is copper, then there are polymer pipes

What should be in the harness

To ensure safe heating operation, the boiler piping must contain a number of devices. Must be:

• Pressure gauge. To control the pressure in the system.
• Automatic air vent. To bleed air trapped in the system so that plugs do not form and the movement of the coolant is not blocked.
• Emergency valve. To relieve excessive pressure (connected to the sewerage system as a certain amount of coolant is released).
• Expansion tank. Necessary to compensate for thermal expansion. In open-type systems, the tank is placed at the top point of the system and is a regular container. In closed heating systems (necessarily with a circulation pump), a membrane tank is installed. Installation location: in the return pipeline, in front of the boiler entrance. It can be inside a wall-mounted gas boiler or installed separately. When using the boiler to prepare water for domestic hot water, an expansion tank in this circuit is also required.
• Circulation pump. Mandatory for installation in systems with forced circulation. To increase heating efficiency, it can also be used in systems with natural circulation (gravity). Placed on the flow or return in front of the boiler before the first branch.

Some of these devices are already installed under the casing of a gas wall-mounted boiler. The wiring of such a unit is very simple. In order not to complicate the system with a large number of outlets, the pressure gauge, air vent and emergency valve are assembled into one group. There is a special housing with three outlets. The corresponding devices are screwed onto it.

This is what a security group looks like

Install a safety group on the supply pipeline immediately at the boiler outlet. They are placed so that it is easy to control the pressure and you can manually release the pressure if necessary.

What pipes to use

Today, metal pipes are rarely used in heating systems. They are increasingly being replaced with polypropylene or metal-plastic. Piping a gas boiler or any other automated boiler (pellet, liquid fuel, electric) is possible immediately with these types of pipes.

A wall-mounted gas boiler can be connected with polypropylene pipes immediately from the boiler inlet

When connecting a solid fuel boiler, at least a meter of supply pipe cannot be made with a metal pipe and, best of all, a copper pipe. Then you can switch to metal-plastic or polypropylene. But this is not a guarantee that polypropylene will not collapse. It is best to provide additional protection against overheating (boiling) of the TT boiler.

If there is protection against overheating, the boiler piping can be made with polypropylene pipes

Metal-plastic has a higher operating temperature - up to 95°C, which is sufficient for most systems. They can also be used to piping a solid fuel boiler, but only if there is one of the systems for protecting against overheating of the coolant (discussed below). But metal-plastic pipes have two significant drawbacks: narrowing at the connection point (fitting design) and the need to regularly check the connections, as they leak over time. So, lining the boiler with metal-plastic is done under the condition that water is used as a coolant. Antifreeze liquids are more fluid, so it is better not to use compression fittings in such systems - they will still leak. Even if you replace the gaskets with chemically resistant ones.

Features of pipe connection

Welding

The old-fashioned method for connecting steel pipes is reliable, but outdated. This is unsafe in a gas boiler room. Welding pipes in hard-to-reach places is terribly inconvenient, and flying sparks ruin the finish. Welding is not recommended for galvanized pipes, as it removes the protective layer.

Energobyt Service → Services: Boiler room installation

Soldering

Soldering polypropylene pipes is extremely popular due to its accessibility: any craftsman can afford an inexpensive soldering iron, and the technology seems easy to learn. The main disadvantage is that it is easy to break. For example, if the parts being connected are overheated, the pipe inside the fitting becomes bent and its cross-section narrows. This slows down the rate of fluid flow through the system. Once the connection is made, the quality of the work cannot be checked.

What does it look like? Two workpieces are put on a double-sided soldering iron - a pipe and a coupling. Within a few seconds of heating, the inner surface of the coupling and the outer surface of the pipe melt. The workpieces are removed from the hot nozzles and combined. After half a minute the connection is ready. The problem is that everything is done by hand, and the quality of the connection literally depends on their hardness. As simple as it looks, so many difficulties await the master during installation. Only many years of experience make it possible to assemble such a heating system without serious mistakes, but due to the availability of technology, a lot of self-taught beginners are engaged in polypropylene pipes.

Polypropylene pipes connected by soldering

Soldering can also be used to connect copper pipes , but this is a completely different technology. The pipe and fitting are heated by a gas burner, and the seal is ensured by solder - it melts and fills the cavities.

Example of soldering copper pipes

Crimping

The crimp connection is created using a compression fitting. The peculiarity is that the connection is removable, that is, serviceable. Compression fittings are used on all types of pipes. The method is fast and quite modern, but requires experience. The tightness and reliability of the connection largely depends on the condition of the O-rings and rubber gasket, which can be damaged by the pipe or pressure. This connection needs to be checked and the nut tightened every few years.

Crimping

Another “cold” connection, but compared to crimping, a permanent connection. The fitting is firmly fixed around the pipe with a special tool - a radial press. This is a more precise job than manual soldering: separate pliers are used for each pipe diameter, and the force is controlled automatically. The result is a tight and reliable connection that will last for decades. Pressure testing is used on all types of pipes.

Example of pipe crimping

Threaded connection

Used on steel pipes, especially galvanized ones. The main difficulty lies in the threading process, which significantly lengthens the installation process compared to other methods.

Head Denis Khannanov:

Based on our experience, we recommend crimp connections to our clients.
If you follow the installation technology, the quality of such connections does not raise any questions. There have been no leaks in more than five years of operation. In terms of ease and speed of installation, press fittings are one of the best technologies. Unlike soldering, where pipes are connected in series, crimping allows you to first lay the pipes and only then connect them. There are no inconvenient or hard-to-reach places for press pliers, while a bulky soldering iron is difficult to work in any cramped space. In addition to the installation method and the skills of the engineers, the choice of materials is extremely important. Their quality depends on the manufacturer. Experience shows that the most reliable pipes and connections to them are produced in Europe, in particular in Germany. According to German standards, only permanent press connections are suitable for concealed installation.

Over time, we began to constantly use press fittings from the German company Viega, and we are satisfied with their quality. They quickly mastered the Viega Megapress press connection technology and switched to it completely. Other manufacturers of pipes and connections whose products we work with: Rehau, Oventrop, Uponor. Energobyt Service provides a guarantee for its work. Therefore, we are primarily interested in the safety and durability of the pipeline that we install.

Installation of heating radiators using Viega press fittings by Energobyt Service engineers.

How to do it yourself in a private house. Rules and scheme of actions

According to the PUE, in order to make grounding through an outlet directly yourself, it must be connected according to the diagram not to the panel board, but directly to the circuit.

One of the main requirements for the grounding loop is that the resistance of the system as a whole should not exceed 4 ohms. To do this, you need to correctly connect the circuit to the power panel using a conductor made of copper. One side of it is attached to the base of the house, and the other to the zero on the shield.

Photo 2. Ready-made kit for grounding a wall-mounted gas boiler with all the necessary components.

To independently implement a grounding device, you can use the following methods:

• Buy a ready-made kit for grounding a gas boiler. It includes all the necessary components. Installation is quite quick and does not take much time. You will need a small area of ​​0.5x0.5 m2. Grounding can be carried out in the basement or a few meters from the house itself.
• Make your own ground electrode. To do this you will need a welding machine and a steel angle. The created structure, in the form of a triangle or an inverted letter Ш, is dug into the ground to a depth of more than 1 meter.

Reference! Before starting work, it is necessary to install an independent external grounding loop near the house.

Tools and materials

The process is done thanks to the following tools:

• According to the markings made, a trench is dug with a shovel.
• Grounding conductors are driven into the drilled holes with a hammer.
• Using a motor drill, deep holes are drilled in the upper part of the trench.
• To connect the corners between the horizontal elements of the ground loop, a metal tape is used. Electric welding is required for connection.
• At the end of the conductor entering the room, an M6 or M8 bolt is welded. A wire ring is placed on it, which is responsible for the internal grounding of a private house.

Materials used:

• Metal corner (size 50x50x5 mm). The house grounding loop is an equilateral triangle, into the corners of which metal grounding conductors are driven.
• Steel strip 40 mm wide and 4 mm thick. In order to join the corners together, a metal tape is used.
• Metal wire rod with a diameter of 8–10 mm. It is laid in a trench and raised above the level of the blind area by 50 centimeters.

How to ground a circuit: work process

To properly and effectively ground a gas boiler, it is necessary to create an external circuit.

Contour manufacturing process:

• Markings are made at a distance of one meter from the house. An equilateral triangle with sides of 2 m is drawn.
• A trench 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide is dug along the drawn lines.
• Next comes the connection to the house using a trench of the same size.
• Deep holes are made with a drill.
• Grounding conductors are inserted into the pits. The distance to the bottom of the trench should be about 15 cm.
• The ground electrodes are connected to each other using metal strips 40x4 mm.
• They place a metal strip in the trench leading to the house.
• Weld a strip of metal to the base using a metal rod.

Attention! Such equipment of a grounding system is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of land near the house. If it is impossible to ground the boiler using a triangular circuit, linear grounding is used

Let's start the installation

The following are instructions for constructing a shower stall yourself. Let's consider options based on a factory-made acrylic and a home-made pallet made of expanded clay concrete blocks. The fencing material will be moisture-resistant plasterboard. Before starting work, you should prepare the estimated quantity:

• silicate glass sheets;
• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• bricks to create sides;
• tiles for finishing the cabin and pallet;
• waterproof tile adhesive;
• cement-sand mortar;
• waterproof screed;
• waterproofing.

In addition, you will need a drain with a siphon or a drain to remove wastewater from the cabin into the sewer system.

Installation of a finished pallet

To install a factory pallet, you will need a rigid frame, which can be made in the form of a steel frame, timber treated with a septic tank and water-repellent agents, or brick. The most common frame design is a steel frame made from steel beams with criss-cross bracing. Stages of work:

1. The frame is attached to the pallet using special metal pins, which are screwed at one end into the provided holes along the edges of the pallet, and at the other into the frame supports.

Steel beams are mounted perpendicular to each other (crosswise) on nuts mounted on studs. After adjusting the position, they are fixed with locknuts. The pallet with frame is installed in place. The specified height and slope are adjusted by the position of the legs located on the studs of the structure. The recommended difference towards the drain is 20 mm per 1 m.

Next, you should install a drain and siphon if these elements were not installed when purchasing the pallet. To prevent leaks, the joint between the siphon and the drain is treated with silicone sealant.

Construction of a homemade pallet

Self-construction of the pallet makes it possible to create a cabin with parameters defined by the owner: width, shape, height of the sides. Let's consider the stages of the work.

• Mix the solution. Store-bought mixtures are diluted, carefully observing the dosage indicated on the package. It is convenient to do this in a large container using a construction mixer or a special attachment on a drill.

The blocks are laid on a waterproofed old base. Communications are carried out between the blocks and a ladder is installed. The required drainage angle is 5-7°. The space between communications and blocks is not filled to simplify repair work during further operation.

Along the edge of the structure, sides are laid out from bricks laid on edge, which will serve as the basis for installing the fence. The surface of the pallet is filled with waterproof screed. Layer thickness – 3-5 mm. When pouring, a slope of at least 10 mm per 1 m should be observed. designs.

Making a corner

As noted above, the walls of the shower enclosure will be made of brick.

• A layer of mortar is applied to the sides, on top of which bricks are laid in horizontal rows “on edge” or in a quarter of a brick.
• To combine the masonry into a monolithic structure, it is necessary to adhere to the bandaging of the seams: the longitudinal seams in adjacent rows are shifted by half a brick.
• The height of the corner is 7 rows with a standard brick width of 250 mm. The thickness of the seams is 12 mm.
• To fasten bricks to the wall, it is recommended to use steel rods with a diameter of 6 mm. The rods are laid between the brick rows (in the seam) and driven into the holes in the main wall. To create holes, use a hammer drill with drill bits equipped with pobedite tips.

Installation of fences

Having brought the walls of the corner to the desired height, you can proceed to installing the fence. In this example, we will consider silicate glass, 6 mm thick, as a fencing material.

• Corner plastic profiles are attached to the walls and to the top of the brick shower enclosure. High-quality fastening of profiles is ensured by dowel plugs and impact screws.

Fastening of glass in the profile is ensured by sealant. For safety, the open edges of the glass are chamfered.

Instead of cabin doors, a sliding curtain will be used, which is attached to a frame made of stainless pipe. Installation of the pipe to the wall is ensured by special flanges.

Types of heating boilers

Conventionally, heating boilers can be divided into autonomous and manual loading.

Depending on the fuel used, autonomous boilers are:

• solid fuel;
• electrical;
• gas;
• liquid fuel.

The order in the list determines the cost of heating depending on the type of fuel: gas boilers will be the cheapest to operate.

These boilers are equipped with automatic maintenance of the specified coolant temperature. They can work all year round throughout their service life. There are wall mounting and floor mounting types.

Manual loading boilers include solid fuel boilers. Firewood, peat and coal are used as fuel. Requires human intervention to load fuel.

Maintaining the required coolant temperature is also a person’s responsibility.

Boiler design is floor-standing. Equipped with a minimum set of automation. Heating boilers are single- and double-circuit. A water supply is connected to the double-circuit boiler, which is built to heat hot water.

Heating systems with a heating boiler must provide the required temperature in the rooms being treated. The wiring diagram should be oriented towards uniform heat supply to all devices

No. 1 - features of automatic type boilers

In most modern gas boilers for autonomous heating, the coolant temperature is maintained automatically.

Inside the unit there is a heat exchanger heated by a burner using liquid or gaseous fuel. The boiler temperature sensor constantly monitors the temperature of the coolant.

As soon as the temperature reaches the set point, the burner goes out and heating stops. When the coolant temperature drops below a preset limit, the burner is re-ignited.

Such ignition-extinguishing cycles can occur quite often, there is nothing wrong with that.

If you plan to install a heating system with high performance, then there is a possibility of overheating of the coolant. In such piping schemes it is necessary to provide a thermal accumulator

The vast majority of installed heating boilers heat the coolant by processing gas or liquid fuel.

This is facilitated by widespread gasification and high reliability of boilers.

The piping schemes with solid fuel boilers do not provide for adjustment of the heat supply, because The combustion process cannot be controlled. If combustion stops, the circulation pump stops working

Advantages of gas and liquid fuel boilers:

• ease of maintenance;
• many security systems, often redundant;
• Some equipment is included in the kit (circulation pump, pressure gauge).

The undoubted advantage is the high efficiency, which averages 98%.

Heating systems can circulate water with a temperature of no more than 105 °C, steam heated up to 130 °C, or air up to 60 °C. When operating parameters are exceeded, the safety group is triggered

There are also disadvantages:

• in the event of a lack of electricity, the entire system stops, creating the threat of defrosting;
• high price;
• the circulation pump operates around the clock;
• can only be used in closed systems.

When installing an autonomous boiler, you need to take into account the constant costs of electricity. The circulation pump runs constantly, regardless of whether the coolant is being heated or not.

No. 2 - manually loaded solid fuel boilers

In solid fuel boilers, fuel is loaded and ignited manually. The combustion intensity can be adjusted within a limited range. The operating time is determined by the fuel burning time of one load.

Solid fuel boilers are the most universal solution; their advantages include:

• independence from electricity;
• can be used in closed and open systems;
• low price.

Units of this type operate on the most accessible type of fuel.

There are significant disadvantages:

• as a rule, they are supplied with a minimum set of equipment;
• require constant human supervision;
• have low efficiency.

To solve traditional “winter” problems, one option may be to use two boilers of different types in one heating circuit.

In normal mode, the autonomous boiler operates, and in the event of an accident on the gas or electric line, the solid fuel heating unit is manually started.

This scheme will not allow the heating system to overcool and freeze. The second option may be to use a special, non-freezing coolant - antifreeze.

The choice of heating boiler piping scheme largely depends on the type of heating unit.

When installing a solid fuel boiler, it is very important to maintain all distances from the walls

Why is proper strapping so important?

Piping refers to pipes and mechanisms designed to supply coolant from the boiler to the radiators. This is almost the entire heating system, with the exception of the batteries.

The system consists of many components, but even a non-professional can install the simplest boiler piping. But if you need a complex circuit, it is better to contact an experienced craftsman.

It is better to install the boiler in a separate room, for example, in an outbuilding, boiler room or basement, because piping involves additional pipes and mechanisms, which is not always convenient. However, if there is not enough space, heating equipment is installed in the house

The choice of piping scheme for each specific house depends on the type of boiler, construction features, and type of heating system.

Any gas equipment is dangerous. Incorrect connection is fraught not only with heating problems, but also with explosions and destruction, so it is necessary to strictly follow the rules and regulations and comply with safety requirements. The main documentation that is relied upon when installing a gas heating system is SNiP.

The main unit of the system is the boiler. The piping scheme is chosen based on its type, location (wall-mounted or floor-mounted model), design features

It is necessary to carefully plan the heating scheme, the location of equipment, and the features of laying pipelines.

The boiler piping performs several significant functions at once:

• Pressure control. If the piping is installed correctly, thermal expansion is compensated, which means that the pressure in the system will not increase to critical levels.
• Removing air. Air bubbles form plugs, which reduces the efficiency of water heating: radiators do not warm up completely, but resource consumption remains the same. High-quality boiler piping is necessary to prevent this problem.
• Prevention of blockages in the system. If the boiler is not properly sealed, the risk of scale formation in radiators and pipes increases. Small debris in the coolant pollutes the system, which leads to excessive fuel consumption and increased heating costs while simultaneously reducing its quality.
• Possibility of connecting other circuits. You can install an underfloor heating system and a storage boiler.

In many ways, heat supply depends on the correct connection of the boiler to pipelines and other important components, so the gas boiler piping scheme must be carefully thought out and installed as efficiently as possible.

When installing a radial system, collector cabinets are installed where most of the boiler piping mechanisms can be mounted. It's convenient and practical

A correctly selected and installed boiler piping will last for many years without accidents or repairs, and its cost will be optimal.

Polypropylene - the optimal solution

Many experts are in favor of tying gas equipment with polypropylene. Their main argument is versatility and the ability to implement any scheme without any problems. On the other hand, an inexperienced master is unlikely to have to deal with systems of increased complexity.

It is better to entrust the development and installation of highly complex piping schemes to a specialist. An inexperienced technician may make mistakes that will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the system or even jeopardize its performance

The main advantage of polypropylene pipelines is reliability. According to the manufacturers, their products last 40 years or more.

The material is resistant to high pressure (can withstand up to 25 bar), tolerates water hammer and temperatures of 95 degrees. There is also a drawback that must be taken into account: such a boiler piping reduces the efficiency of the heating system.

When designing a harness, it is better to give preference to a scheme that involves a minimum of surges. This will increase the chances of maintaining the integrity of the system in the future.

The connection of the boiler to the gas pipeline must be rigid (“American”, metal fitting). Of all types of gaskets, only paronite gaskets are suitable, because... plastic materials (rubber, foam, tow) are deformed, which leads to loss of tightness or a decrease in the internal diameter of the gas pipeline.

The principle of operation of a double-circuit gas boiler

Now we will begin to analyze the principle of operation of a gas double-circuit boiler. We have found out the purpose of individual components and modules, now this knowledge will help us understand how all this equipment works. We will consider the principle of operation in two modes:

• In heating mode;
• In hot water generation mode.

In heating mode, the boiler provides your home with heat.

Let us immediately note the fact that operation in two modes at once is impossible - for this purpose, double-circuit boilers are equipped with a three-way valve that directs part of the coolant to the DHW circuit. Let's look at the principle of operation when heating, and then find out how the equipment works in hot water supply mode.

In heating mode, a double-circuit boiler operates in the same way as a regular flow-through heater. When first turned on, the burner works for quite a long time, raising the temperature in the heating circuit to the set point. As soon as the required temperature is reached, the gas supply will be turned off. If an air temperature sensor is installed in the house, the automation will take its readings into account.

The operation of the gas burner in double-circuit boilers can also be affected by weather-dependent automation that controls the temperature of the outside air.

The heat from the operating burner heats the coolant, which is driven through the heating system in forced mode. The three-way valve is positioned to ensure normal water flow through the main heat exchanger. Combustion products are removed in two ways - independently or using a special fan located in the upper part of the double-circuit boiler. The DHW system is in a switched off state.

Operation in hot water mode

As for the hot water supply circuit, it starts the moment we turn the handle of the water tap. The resulting water flow triggers the three-way valve, which turns off the heating system. At the same time, the gas burner is ignited (if it was turned off at that time). After a few seconds, hot water starts flowing from the tap.

When switching to hot water supply mode, the heating circuit is completely turned off.

Let's look at the principle of operation of the DHW circuit. As we have already said, turning it on turns off the heating operation - only one thing can work here, either the hot water supply or the heating system. A three-way valve controls it all.

It directs part of the hot coolant to the secondary heat exchanger - note that there is no flame on the secondary. Under the influence of the coolant, the heat exchanger begins to heat the water flowing through it

The scheme is somewhat complicated, since it involves a small circle of coolant circulation. This operating principle cannot be called the most optimal, but double-circuit gas boilers with separate heat exchangers can boast of normal maintainability. What are the features of boilers with combined heat exchangers?

• Simpler design;
• There is a high probability of scale formation;
• Higher efficiency of DHW.

As we see, the disadvantages are closely intertwined with the advantages, but separate heat exchangers are more valuable. The design is somewhat more complicated, but there is no scale here

Please note that when the DHW is operating, the flow of coolant through the heating circuit stops. That is, its long-term operation can disrupt the thermal balance in the premises

As soon as we close the tap, the three-way valve is activated, and the double-circuit boiler goes into standby mode (or the heating of the slightly cooled coolant immediately starts). The equipment will remain in this mode until we open the tap again. The productivity of some models reaches up to 15-17 l/min, which depends on the power of the boilers used.

Power Requirements

Baksi boilers are energy-dependent and can only operate in the presence of electricity with a voltage of 220V. The electronic equipment of the unit practically does not tolerate power surges in the network, so experts recommend installing a voltage stabilizer in front of the boiler.

You will also need to install an SPD that protects the boiler from pulse currents when powerful electrical equipment is turned on nearby or during thunderstorms.

It is equally important for the safety of equipment operation and maintenance to implement a grounding system for a double-circuit boiler with a potential between grounding and neutral of 0.5 V. If the grounding is incorrect, a constant potential will be present on the grounding strip, which leads to failures during ignition and frequent shutdowns of the boiler

This will cause the air to cool down in the rooms and the house will be cold

If the grounding is incorrect, a constant potential will be present on the grounding strip, which leads to failures during ignition and frequent shutdowns of the boiler. This will cause the air to cool down in the rooms and the house will be cold.

What does the strapping scheme not depend on?

First, let's say what the heating boiler piping scheme does not depend on. On the hydraulic part, the type of fuel or energy that the heat generator uses does not matter. The wiring diagrams for gas, electric and solid fuel heating boilers are no different. At the coolant inlet/outlet there is not much difference whether pellets serve as an energy source, gas or diesel fuel. In complex systems, specialists take into account the type of heat generator when choosing a rational piping scheme, but this difference is insignificant. Also, apart from the configuration, the piping of the floor and wall heating boiler does not affect anything. But single-circuit and double-circuit boilers have different piping in terms of connection to the hot water supply system.

Mini boiler rooms

Nowadays, boiler models are produced equipped with an expansion tank, pump, valve and pressure gauge.
These can be heating elements, electric, diesel, gas units with forced draft. These units can be called mini-boiler rooms. Thus, safety valves in the electric heating circuit of a private house with a pump are mounted directly on the heat exchanger together with the heating element. This design allows you to quickly discharge excess coolant if it boils when the pump is stopped. The connection diagram of the boiler to the heating system in this case is not complicated. You only need to install two ball valves, which can be used to shut off the boiler if necessary. Repairing the unit or any preventive maintenance will not cause difficulties.

Forced circulation

The method has become most widespread, since the pump intensively pumps coolant through the system and heating efficiency increases by 30%.

Advantages also include the ability to regulate temperature and low pipe consumption during installation. The system will still cost significantly more, since it is more complex and requires more devices. Installed elements require balancing, and the entire system requires regular maintenance. In addition, a source of electricity is required.

If you install a combined system, it will combine the advantages of both previous ones.
It can be switched to any mode using a bypass installed with the pump. In this case, the heating operation will not depend on the supply of electricity to the house. Date: September 25, 2022