Preparing for the autumn-winter period in an apartment or private building is a complex process that must be completed without errors. Correct activation of this system guarantees high-quality heating of the home during the cold season. Before the start of the heating season, it is important to make sure that the equipment is in good working order and operates in accordance with the necessary technical requirements. To do this, you need to know how to properly start the heating system.
Boiler for heating in a private house Source stroi-mario.ru
Typical problems
Some of the most common errors include the following:
- The heating system was started too quickly.
- Drain water from radiators in all living areas of the house.
- An attempt to get rid of air locks by removing coolant from pipes in the basement. This action will not help clear them from the heating system.
- When several buildings need to be connected at the same time, the risers are not checked immediately, relying on the fact that in the event of a malfunction, the residents will signal the presence of problems when starting the heating.
Do not commission the heating system while working alone. It's best to do this with two or three people.
Checking the radiator Source stroi-mario.ru
Startup procedure
During the warm season, batteries are not used. At this time, it is possible to carry out training to ensure their performance. Before starting the heating system, you need to make sure that all elements are in working order and ready for the onset of the season. Such activities will include the following:
- It is necessary to make sure that there are no mechanical damage to the heating system elements. If their presence is detected, then repairs or replacement will be required.
- If a boiler is to be operated in the house (it is usually used in private houses), it is necessary to ensure that the smoke exhaust system is functioning correctly. It is important not only that it is in good working order, but also provides good traction.
- Before starting the heating system, the ash and combustion chamber in the boiler are cleaned. To do this, remove debris from them and then clean them with a stiff brush.
- If there is an electronic control, it must be tested.
- It is necessary to check the internal cavities and ensure that they are cleaned of soot. If rust is found on galvanized pipes, traces of it must be removed. A visual inspection will help ensure that the chimney is tight and free of damage. If necessary, repair work will need to be carried out before starting the internal heating system.
- The management company of the apartment building must ensure that the internal heating system is pre-started. It will be useful to contact residents to inspect the pipes and radiators in their apartments. You must ensure that devices are not disconnected from the system.
- You need to make sure there are no leaks in advance.
- In order to finally make sure that the heating is working, you need to test run it for about a month or a month and a half. If everything goes well, you can be sure that the system is ready to perform its functions. It is better to carry out this event at a time when residents are at home and can monitor the operation of the heating equipment. During a test run, a higher pressure is set for the coolant than under normal operating conditions. It is 1.2 times higher than usual.
Checking the performance of cast iron radiators Source stroi-mario.ru
To directly start the system, you need to take the following steps:
- When the system is not filled with coolant, it will gradually rust. Therefore, before starting the heating, it is recommended to clean it.
- It is necessary to ensure that the coolant is started at minimum power. Filling must be done from bottom to top. If you act in this way, the air will be gradually displaced until it completely leaves the pipes.
- It is necessary to remove its remains. For this purpose, in the attic in gas collectors it is necessary to open the drain valve. While air is escaping through it, you will hear a characteristic whistle. When it stops, it will be a signal that there is only liquid in the pipes.
- In houses where there is no attic, the coolant can be drained using a Mayevsky tap.
- When you need to prepare several risers, before starting the heating correctly, you need to start with those that are farthest from the heating unit.
It is necessary that the pressure gauge readings comply with technical standards. After this, you can start the heating system.
Solid fuel heating boiler Source stroi-mario.ru
Features of calculating internal temperature in different rooms
The rules provide for maintaining the temperature for a living space at 18˚C , but there are some nuances in this matter.
- For a corner room of a residential building, the coolant must provide a temperature of 20˚C.
- The optimal temperature for a bathroom is 25˚C.
- It is important to know how many degrees there should be according to standards in rooms intended for children. The set temperature ranges from 18˚С to 23˚С. If this is a children's pool, you need to maintain the temperature at 30˚C.
- The minimum temperature allowed in schools is 21˚C.
- In establishments where cultural events take place, according to standards, a maximum temperature of 21˚C , but the figure should not fall below 16˚C.
To increase the temperature in the premises during sudden cold snaps or strong north winds, boiler room workers increase the degree of energy supply for heating networks.
The heat transfer of batteries is affected by the outside temperature, the type of heating system, the direction of coolant flow, the state of utility networks, and the type of heating device, the role of which can be played by either a radiator or a convector.
ATTENTION! The temperature delta between the radiator supply and return should not be significant. Otherwise, there will be a large difference in the coolant in different rooms and even apartments of a multi-story building.
The main factor, however, is the weather , which is why measuring the outside air to maintain a temperature schedule is a top priority.
If the temperature outside is down to 20˚C, the coolant in the radiator should be 67-77˚C, while the return rate is 70˚C.
If the street temperature is zero, the norm for the coolant is 40-45˚С, and for the return – 35-38˚С. It is worth noting that the temperature difference between supply and return is not large.
Hydrodynamic flushing
If the radiator design allows it, it will be useful to carry out hydrodynamic flushing. To implement this you need to perform the following steps:
- Pipes are connected to the radiator outlets.
- Start the washing procedure. In this case, it is necessary to visually monitor the degree of contamination of the coolant.
- The flushing procedure often needs to be repeated several times to get the water clean.
Then the integrity of the connection between the radiator and the pipes is checked. In some cases, gaskets may need to be replaced to ensure reliability.
Using a gas boiler for heating Source stroi-mario.ru
When the heating turns on
Connection occurs due to the onset of certain weather. How to properly start the heating system is indicated in Decree No. 354. This requires the following conditions to be met:
- The average daily temperature is measured. It should be no higher than +8 degrees.
- The condition given here must be met for 5 consecutive days.
The regulations do not indicate specific dates for the start of heating. Thus, the switching time, according to the law, depends only on the average daily temperature. However, residents have the right to enter into an agreement with the management company, which may indicate the exact start date of the heating season. After it is signed, this norm will become mandatory and how to start the heating system on the right day will no longer be a problem.
Before starting the heating, you need to check the serviceability of the equipment Source stroi-mario.ru
Is this legal, what regulation is it regulated in 2022?
The heating season in the central part of the Russian Federation lasts about 6 months a year, but receipts for the provision of heat energy services are sent monthly. This raises a number of questions: why is heating indicated in the payment for May and June 2022, is it legally included in the June rent receipt. We will try to answer them in detail further.
Payment calculations, payment methods, rights and obligations of resource companies are regulated by PP No. 354 “On the provision of utility services,” which has several editions. Current edition – May 22, 2019
According to this legislative act, payment for the provision of heat services can be divided into equal parts of 12 months.
Video description
How is heating supplied in an apartment building...
When filing a complaint with the management company that the connection was not made on time or the temperature of the coolant is not high enough, this document must be reviewed within a period of no more than ten days.
Single-pipe closed heating system for a private house Source market-crimea.com
If, after starting the heating, the temperature does not meet the standards, then you can achieve a reduction in the monthly payment by 0.15%. This right is another reason for the management company’s interest in solving heating problems in a timely manner.
By watching this video you can see how the heating system is filled with coolant:
System nuances
It is logical that in the summer there is no need for heating. Therefore, during the warm season the heating is turned off. This usually happens in the spring, after the temperature outside has established itself and remains at least +8 for 5 days. The heat supply is usually turned on in the fall.
Turning off heating for the summer allows citizens to save on utilities. At the same time, service organizations can check the serviceability of engineering systems, identify and eliminate faults, or replace worn out elements.
Video description
How to supply heating in an apartment building
When the management company's review of claims is unsatisfactory, you can file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor or the prosecutor's office. It is also possible to defend your rights in court. Residents can not only claim a reduction in heating bills, but also compensation for moral damages.
Using air vents to remove air plugs Source 1-teplodom.ru
Who determines how payment will be made?
In accordance with PP No. 354 of May 22, 2022, you can pay for heat energy in two ways:
- The service is paid only when it is cold . Consumers receive heat and pay for it. The fee for this is quite high.
- Payment is taken in equal installments throughout the year . Consumers pay for all heat received last year, because the fee is divided into 12 months.
The decision on which method of payment for heat supply services to choose, and whether residents of apartment buildings will need to pay for it in the summer, is left to the government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation themselves.
Can the heating be turned off?
If there is a claim for non-payment of utilities, it sometimes becomes the reason for disconnection from the system. In this case, the culprit is given a written warning 20 days in advance. If he pays off the debt during this time, the problem will be resolved. If payment is not made in full, the owner is allowed to negotiate a debt restructuring. However, if you do nothing, the shutdown will occur. This measure can also be applied in the following cases:
- If there is a court decision.
- In cases where there is a threat of an emergency and turning off the heating can prevent it.
- Sometimes residents use water from the heating system for their own purposes. This, for example, is possible if the heated coolant is used to warm up a heated floor.
To protect your rights, in some situations it becomes effective to go to court, after which restarting the heating can become a reality. Disconnection is carried out only if there are legal grounds for this. If the consumer believes that this was done incorrectly, he has the right to file a complaint with the management company. In the event that this turns out to be unsuccessful, they contact Rospotrebnadzor or the prosecutor's office.
Pressure testing of the heating system Source stroim-domik.ru
When is fluid replacement required?
In order to start the heating system, in some cases it is necessary to fill in new coolant. This may be required in the following situations:
- This procedure is desirable at the very beginning of the heating season. It is recommended to do this during the first start of the system.
- If for some reason the drain was performed. After this, you need to ensure that it is filled with new coolant.
- If repair work has been carried out, the water needs to be replaced with new one.
Using cast iron radiators, sometimes leaks appear when the heating is turned off and the water is not drained. In such situations, after the end of the season, the coolant is removed from the system. However, there is then an increased risk of corrosion. Therefore, it is more profitable for the technician to check and fix the problems rather than remove liquid from the pipes and radiator.
If the coolant quickly becomes dirty, it is recommended to replace it regularly at intervals that depend on the severity of the problem.
Before the first start, you need to check the serviceability of the equipment Source stroim-domik.ru
Why do you receive a receipt with a heating bill in May, June, and summer?
Payment for the provision of this service is distributed evenly throughout the calendar year. This is done based on the following reasons:
- If heating was paid only during cold periods, then paying for it would be too expensive for most of the population.
- Receiving equal amounts of money each month helps ensure equal funding for utility companies.
- Resources appear to carry out repair and restoration work in spring and summer.
