TOP 15 best geysers for an apartment: 2021-2022 rating for reliability and quality and which model with flame modulation to choose

The choice of gas equipment must be approached from the point of view of safety and reliability. Buying a cheap water heater can have fatal consequences for its owner. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for servicing gas equipment. Do you agree?

We will tell you how to choose a geyser in order to purchase the ideal unit. Our proposed article describes all the criteria that can influence the choice of gas wall-mounted equipment. We present popular models among consumers from proven manufacturers.

Rating of the TOP 15 best geysers of 2021-2022

PlaceNamePrice
TOP 3 best geysers for apartments in price/quality ratio
1Bosch WR 10-2P23Find out the price
2Electrolux GWH 14 NanoPlus 2.0Find out the price
3Zanussi GWH 10 Fonte TurboFind out the price
TOP 3 best geysers with an open combustion chamber
1Electrolux GWH 11 PRO InverterFind out the price
2Electrolux GWH 12 NanoPlus 2.0Find out the price
3Zanussi GWH 12 FonteFind out the price
TOP 3 best geysers with a closed combustion chamber
1Ariston NEXT EVO SFT 11 NG EXPFind out the price
2Bosch WTD 27 AMEFind out the price
3Bosch WT 13 AM1EFind out the price
TOP 3 best geysers with high performance from 10 l/min
1Zanussi GWH 10 FonteFind out the price
2BAXI SIG-2 11iFind out the price
3Zanussi GWH 12 Fonte TurboFind out the price
TOP 3 best geysers with flame modulation
1Electrolux GWH 10 High Performance EcoFind out the price
2Bosch W 10 KBFind out the price
3BAXI SIG-2 14iFind out the price

How to choose a gas water heater?

The main criteria that must be assessed when choosing a column:

  1. Power . The parameter determines the water productivity of the device. The higher the power, the more hot water can be supplied to more points.
  2. Inlet pressure . Affects the ability to supply water at low pressure. Many modern models allow water supply at low flow rates.
  3. Safety . The dispensers are equipped with a protection system against overheating and freezing, as well as a sensor to turn off the unit and stop the gas supply in the event of a leak.

What elements should you pay attention to?

When choosing a column, you should give preference to models with a copper heat exchanger. It can be covered with solder, but should not be made of thin tin. Most often, models from Chinese manufacturers have tin heat exchangers. The service life of such speakers does not exceed three years.


Regardless of the ignition method, an automatic gas water heater begins to work when water passes through the water block. If problems arise with the spark supply, then the reason, first of all, should be looked for in the block (+)

Low cost is achieved due to the cheap quality of the metal, which burns out over time. This leads to the need to purchase a new gas water heater.

Another important characteristic of the heat exchanger is the internal diameter of the tubes. The wider the tube, the less often it is necessary to clean the heat exchanger from scale and small debris from old water pipes.


This is what a low-quality heat exchanger looks like, which is installed on cheap models of instantaneous water heaters. Inside it is clear that the metal is not made of copper and is an alloy of unknown origin

Another important detail is the water block of the column. This element must be made of metal. There are models made of plastic.


This is what a high-quality heat exchanger looks like, one that will last more than five years. Visually you can see that it is made of copper and has sufficient thickness. Some manufacturers coat this element with solder or other coating.

Since the block contains a membrane and a mesh filter inside, which need to be changed, frequent unscrewing spoils the plastic thread and leads to the need to completely replace the water block.

The best geysers for an apartment in terms of price/quality ratio

If you need to organize hot water supply in your house, it is important to choose a high-quality geyser. We have compiled a rating of 3 models based on consumer reviews, the characteristics of which live up to expectations.

Bosch WR 10-2P23

Budget equipment from a famous German manufacturer . The thermal power of the column is 17.4 kW. Due to this, 10 liters of water per minute are supplied.

In this case, the water is heated to +60 degrees, and the device itself operates at a pressure of 0.1012 atmospheres.

Stable water heating is ensured by a copper heat exchanger . Ignition is carried out manually using the built-in pierre ignition.

The device is equipped with a constantly burning pilot light.

Combustion products exit through an open chamber . A chimney with a diameter of 112.5 mm is required. To ensure safe use, the column is equipped with protective sensors.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10 l/min;
  • power - 17.40 kW;
  • pressure - 0.10-12 atm.;
  • dimensions - 310x580x22 mm;
  • weight - 11 kg.

pros

  • low price;
  • compact size;
  • maintainability;
  • simple design.

Minuses

  • Includes 1 hose with 1/2 external thread;
  • The bath is slowly pouring.

Electrolux GWH 14 NanoPlus 2.0

An inexpensive unit from one of the leaders in the production of equipment . Characterized by high

efficiency - supplies up to 14 liters of water per minute.

This is an excellent indicator given the high thermal power of 28 kW and the copper heat exchanger. This indicator is enough for 2-3 points.

The outlet pressure is 0.»0-8 atmospheres.

The exhaust gas is discharged through an open chamber. To operate the column, a chimney with a diameter of 125 mm is required.

The water instantly heats up to +60 degrees.

Operational safety is due to the presence of gas control, a sensor against overheating and switching on of equipment if there is no traction. The unit is controlled mechanically. Indication of switching on and heating is provided.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 14 l/min;
  • power - 28 kW;
  • pressure - 0.20-8 atm.;
  • dimensions - 400x650x196 mm;
  • weight - 11.21 kg.

pros

  • performing all functions;
  • enough power for 2 points;
  • turns off when overheated;
  • neat switches.

Minuses

  • there is a pop when turned on;
  • makes noise.

Zanussi GWH 10 Fonte Turbo

A speaker in a stainless steel case from a famous Italian brand . Column

equipped with a display.

Operation is simple using mechanical switches. One of the distinctive features is the presence of indicators, thanks to which you can monitor the progress of water heating.

The product is equipped with a fan and a chimney for forced removal of smoke.

Productivity is high due to the power of 20 kW. At the outlet, the minimum pressure is 0.30 atmospheres.

The column is equipped with a fan and a chimney for forced smoke removal.

Waste products are discharged through a pipe with a diameter of 60 mm through an exhaust hood.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10 l/min;
  • power - 20 kW;
  • pressure - 0.30-8 atm.;
  • dimensions - 330x550x190 mm;
  • weight - 10.4 kg.

pros

  • automatic ignition;
  • flame control;
  • overheat protection system;
  • display.

Minuses

  • non-standard chimney size;
  • noisy work.

The best geysers with an open combustion chamber

Installation of a column with an open chamber is possible if there is a chimney with natural draft. We suggest you familiarize yourself with 3 models from famous brands that are in great demand in 2021-2022.

Electrolux GWH 11 PRO Inverter

Flow-through geyser with natural removal of combustion products through the chimney.

Runs exclusively on natural gas.

The equipment has excellent performance of up to 11 liters per minute. Due to the power of 22 kW, the water quickly heats up to 80 degrees Celsius.

The device works if the water pressure in the system is 0.15-7.89 atmospheres.

Operation of the device is comfortable due to the presence of indicators and an electronic control system with automatic ignition.

The model is complemented by a compact display with a thermometer.

Safety of use is facilitated by the presence of a heating limiter, a sensor to turn off the device when overheated, and a self-diagnosis mode that allows timely detection of a malfunction.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 11 l/min;
  • power - 22 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-7.89 atm.;
  • dimensions - 330x550x190 mm;
  • weight - 8.55 kg.

pros

  • strength of materials;
  • compactness;
  • maintains temperature;
  • easy wall mounting;

Minuses

  • takes a long time to turn on.

Electrolux GWH 12 NanoPlus 2.0

Comfortable, simple and safe to use speaker . Presented on average

price segment.

The device has an automatic ignition, for which you need to install batteries.

The unit is easy to control thanks to a simple panel with mechanical switches.

The column is safe to use due to multi-level protection: a sensor for gas leaks and ingress of waste product into the room.

There is an indication when the water is turned on and heated . The water supply is 12 l/min thanks to a thermal power of 24 kW.

Combustion products come out using natural draft. To install the equipment, a chimney with a diameter of 110 mm is required.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 12 l/min;
  • power - 24 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-8 atm.;
  • dimensions - 350x610x183 mm;
  • weight - 8.22 kg.

pros

  • slight noise during operation;
  • heats water quickly;
  • economical battery consumption;
  • digital temperature display.

Minuses

  • Alkaline batteries are not suitable;
  • weak flame when turning the switch fully.

Zanussi GWH 12 Fonte

Reliable and safe to use equipment . Made in durable steel

enamel coated body.

Only natural gas is suitable for operation. The column interacts with water at a pressure of 0.15 to 8 atmospheres.

Equipped with an open combustion chamber . The standard chimney diameter is 110 mm.

The water almost instantly heats up to 60 degrees thanks to the high thermal power of the column - 24 kW.

This makes it possible to provide a capacity of 12 liters per minute.

The model is complemented by a display with temperature indication, a gas control option and a sensor that turns off the equipment in case of overheating.

The heating efficiency is due to the presence of a copper heat exchanger.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 12 l/min;
  • power - 24 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-8 atm.;
  • dimensions - 350x610x190 mm;
  • weight - 9 kg.

pros

  • durable body;
  • heats water quickly;
  • enough for 3 points;
  • performs its functions.

Minuses

  • loud noise;
  • pressure is lower than specified.

Safety is the most important parameter

Both natural gas itself and its combustion products can pose a serious danger in case of failure. To eliminate undesirable phenomena, geysers today are equipped with the following systems:

  1. Flame control: when the burner goes out, the ionization sensor is triggered, which immediately sends a command to close the gas valve. In systems with a pilot burner, a thermocouple is additionally installed: if the wick goes out, it will cool down and close the valve.
  2. Draft control: special sensors detect the movement of air flow in the chimney. As soon as it weakens or changes direction, the gas supply is cut off.
  3. Heat limiter: As the name suggests, this mechanism prevents the water from overheating, which can lead to scale formation and injury to the user.
  4. Emergency valve.

This element discharges water if it nevertheless heats up too much and its pressure begins to threaten the integrity of the heat exchanger.

The best geysers with a closed combustion chamber

For installation in apartments, dispensers with a closed combustion chamber with combustion products discharged through a special pipe are suitable. Such models are simple and safe to use. We included the 3 best models in the rating according to customers.

Ariston NEXT EVO SFT 11 NG EXP

Column in a steel case in silver color . Natural and

liquefied gas. With its help, up to 11 liters of water are supplied per minute. This is due to the presence of a copper heat exchanger and a thermal power of 19.58 kW.

The outlet pressure ranges from 1 to 8.50 atm.

The model is complemented by electronic ignition, built-in indicators for turning on and an integrated security system: gas control, heating temperature sensor, frost protection.

There is also auto diagnostics . The system quickly identifies the cause of the malfunction. The speaker is connected to a standard outlet using a 1.5-meter power cord.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 11 l/min;
  • power - 19.58 kW;
  • pressure - 1-8.5 atm.;
  • dimensions - 330x550x167 mm;
  • weight - 12 kg.

pros

  • easy adjustment of settings;
  • heating water immediately after opening the tap;
  • simple maintenance.

Minuses

  • makes a lot of noise;
  • Sometimes it turns on with a bang.

Bosch WTD 27 AME

The equipment is designed for use in residential and commercial premises (gyms, restaurants, etc.).

Features high performance. Provides 27 liters of water per minute. A cascade connection is possible, which will increase the flow rate by 10 times.

The device consumes resources economically and operates even at low pressure (from 0.3 atmospheres).

Among the distinctive features of the speaker are its compact size, electric ignition and backlit panel.

You can control the device using the remote control. The column is supplemented with ionization flame control, protection against overheating, freezing and reverse draft.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 27 l/min;
  • power - 47 kW;
  • pressure - 0.30-12 atm.;
  • dimensions - 452x775x259 mm;
  • weight - 34 kg.

pros

  • silent operation;
  • enough for a large number of points;
  • smooth settings;
  • quick start.

Minuses

  • difficulties with replacing the coarse filter.

Bosch WT 13 AM1E

Column from a reliable brand with a flow-through water heating system and a closed combustion chamber.

The spent product is removed using forced exhaust. The device has a thermometer for temperature control, working in conjunction with a flame modulator system.

The same system is responsible for fuel supply and water flow taking into account the selected temperature.

The column is connected to a standard 220 V network. It has a high productivity of 13 l/min.

The equipment power is 22.60 kW, and the outlet pressure is from 0.30 atm.

It can operate on both natural and liquefied gas. The panel displays an indication when turned on and when heating.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 12 l/min;
  • power - 22.60 kW;
  • pressure - 0.30-12 atm.;
  • dimensions - 388x700x220 mm;
  • weight - 23 kg.

pros

  • durable steel body;
  • simple maintenance;
  • enough for 3 mixers;
  • convenient control.

Minuses

  • quickly becomes covered with scale;
  • thin radiator.

Type of ignition

For the dispenser to start working, you need to light the gas. Older models were lit manually by holding a burning match to the igniter. Today such units are no longer on sale; they are a thing of the past. They have been replaced by others that operate in automatic or semi-automatic mode.

Piezo ignition

In geysers with a piezoelectric element, ignition occurs in a semi-automatic mode. There are two burners - main and pilot. The pilot burner is a small wick that burns continuously, whether there is hot water flow or not. The main burner turns on only when the tap opens. The rest of the time it is turned off.

The procedure for starting a gas water heater with piezo ignition is simple: press the button located on the front panel, a spark appears on the candles, which ignites the pilot burner. When the hot water tap opens, gas is supplied to the main burner and ignition occurs from the pilot burner. While water is being consumed, both burners are lit. The valve was closed, the gas supply to the main one stopped, only the pilot one was on again.


Piezo ignition device for geysers - a simple and inexpensive device

What are the advantages of geysers with piezoelectric elements? These are the cheapest models and usually have a mechanical control - a regulator that allows you to change the height of the flame, thereby regulating the temperature of the hot water. These models are non-volatile, which can be important for a summer residence.

There are more shortcomings and they are more serious. The wick burns (should burn) constantly while you are using the column, and this is gas consumption. Even if it is small, but constant, as a result, quite a decent amount accumulates in a month. So this is far from the most economical way to heat water. The second disadvantage is also associated with the burning of the wick. If it goes out, you will not be able to light the column. The wick goes out because it does not have enough oxygen to burn, or because backdraft periodically occurs in the chimney, which blows out the flame. Since there is a flame controller, this is not a big deal - the gas shuts off automatically, but having to light the pilot burner again is unpleasant.

Electric ignition

Automatic geysers have electric ignition. This is an electric spark generator that is activated when the tap is opened. The rest of the time the gas is not lit, which significantly saves fuel. There is an electric ignition powered by batteries, and there is one from a 220 V network. Which gas water heater is better for this parameter must be chosen depending on the circumstances.

If your lights go out frequently, it makes sense to choose a battery-powered model. As you understand, in this case you have to make sure that they don’t “sit down.” If there are no problems with electricity or there is a backup power source, it is better to choose a gas water heater operating from a 220 V network. Plug the cord into the outlet once and forget about it. Electricity consumption is negligible, so they have almost no impact on bills.


The electric ignition is controlled by a microprocessor

Gas water heaters are electronically controlled. A board with a microprocessor is installed in the case; the desired temperature is set from a small control panel (push-button or touch). A small liquid crystal screen is often installed here, which displays the current state of the equipment, the temperature of the water, if it is being heated. This type of geyser is the best if you value ease of use.

Disadvantages - higher price and power requirements. Electronics need a stable voltage of 220 V with small deviations of the order of 2 * 3 V. We cannot maintain such parameters, so in order for an automatic gas water heater to work for a long time, a stabilizer is required, and it is better not a relay, but an electronic one. It not only stabilizes the voltage, but also evens out the shape of the pulses, which is also very important for imported water heaters.

The best geysers with high performance from 10 l/min

A larger family requires a reliable water heater that can supply hot water to several points at once. We have selected the best models of geysers for 2021-2022 with a capacity of 10 liters per minute.

Zanussi GWH 10 Fonte

This geyser is equipped with manual ignition . The design is presented in the form of a handle,

when rotated smoothly, the size of the flame increases.

To the right of it is a switch that is responsible for the volume of water supplied.

The design includes a display showing the water temperature, which turns on immediately after opening the tap.

The device allows for a flow of 10 l/min with a thermal power of 20 kW. Smoke is removed through natural ventilation.

The chimney diameter should be 110 mm . It is designed to operate only on natural gas. During the heating process, the equipment makes virtually no noise.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10 l/min;
  • power - 20 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-8 atm.;
  • dimensions - 330x550x189 mm;
  • weight - 8.2 kg.

pros

  • price-quality ratio;
  • durable steel body;
  • easy installation;
  • indicators.

Minuses

  • thin heat exchanger wall;
  • batteries need to be changed.

BAXI SIG-2 11i

This speaker is perfect for household needs . It is easy to install, just like

service. The device is equipped with various protective sensors, which eliminates damage in the absence of water and gas leakage.

The productivity is 10.9 liters per minute due to the power of 19 kW.

Combustion products exit through the open chamber.

Switching on occurs using automatic electronic ignition. The water almost instantly heats up to a temperature of +60 °C.

The unit is equipped with a modulating burner with smooth power control taking into account the volume of water consumption.

Due to the built-in gearbox, operation at a pressure of 13.5 - 20.0 atmospheres is possible.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10.9 l/min;
  • power - 19 kW;
  • pressure - 0.20-10 atm.;
  • dimensions - 314x592x245 mm;
  • weight - 11.1 kg.

pros

  • compact size;
  • water temperature display;
  • no temperature fluctuations;
  • works with low pressure.

Minuses

  • lack of anti-corrosion coating on the radiator;
  • noisy work.

Zanussi GWH 12 Fonte Turbo

Convenient and safe to use equipment, powered only by main gas.

Suitable for installation in rooms without a chimney, as it is equipped with a forced exhaust system for combustion products.

The heating efficiency is due to a copper heat exchanger and a thermal power of 24 kW. 12 liters of water are supplied per minute.

To connect a closed combustion chamber there is a hole with a diameter of 60 mm.

The declared service life of the unit is at least 10 years.

This is facilitated by high-quality assembly and a set of protective sensors, including against overheating of equipment and for turning on the device in the event of a gas leak.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 12 l/min;
  • power - 24 kW;
  • pressure - 0.20-10 atm.;
  • dimensions - 350x610x190 mm;
  • weight - 10.95 kg.

pros

  • heating power adjustment;
  • attractive design;
  • no interruptions in work;
  • maintaining constant temperature.

Minuses

  • the exhaust pipe is not included;
  • no frost protection.

Reviews

The topic of choosing a geyser is discussed quite actively by users.
The favorites, as one would expect, are German units from Bosch and Vaillant.

However, a potential buyer should take into account the high cost of repairs.

It is not recommended to buy Electrolux, which was popular at one time - their quality has noticeably deteriorated.

Chinese speakers are recommended to be purchased with great caution: in many models, instead of a copper heat exchanger, a steel one is installed.

Many forum participants are owners of Neva brand speakers. The quality and reliability of this speaker are quite acceptable. Unexpected “surprises” occasionally happen, but German devices are also susceptible to this.

The very expensive Mora speakers are considered the most reliable; their heat exchangers come with a 10-year warranty.

Did you know that water heated towel rails with side connections are not that easy to install? Let's look at four types of connections, and also find out why you need to install a jumper.

Read about installation work when installing water pipes from PP pipes in this topic.

The best geysers with flame modulation

Devices with modulation do not have such a disadvantage as a decrease in water temperature at low pressure. We offer a rating of the 3 best geysers with flame modulation for 2021-2022, which are in particular demand.

Electrolux GWH 10 High Performance Eco

The first place in the rating was taken by a flow-through gas heater from the famous Electrolux brand.

The model is made of stainless steel and coated in silver.

Equipped with a combustion chamber with combustion products removed through natural ventilation.

To install the equipment, a chimney with a standard diameter of 110 mm is required.

Due to the thermal power of 20 kW, 10 liters of water per minute are supplied. Controlling the speaker is simple using an electronic panel.

Ignition is carried out automatically.

The display has a power and temperature indicator. The model is supplemented with gas control and a self-diagnosis system.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10 l/min;
  • power - 20 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-7.90 atm;
  • dimensions - 330x550x190 mm;
  • weight - 8.08 kg.

pros

  • display showing water temperature;
  • stainless steel burner;
  • compact size;
  • standard chimney.

Minuses

  • noise when the tap is suddenly closed.

Bosch W 10 KB

Reliable and safe to use equipment that can instantly supply water to 2-3 points.

The speaker is suitable for home use. Safety of operation is ensured by protective sensors against overheating and gas leakage. The body is made of stainless steel.

The heat exchanger is made of copper, which ensures rapid heating of water to maximum temperature.

The column has a capacity of 10 liters per minute with a power of 17.40 kW. A mechanical switch is provided to regulate the temperature and power of water flow.

The device operates at low pressure from 0.15 bar . It is possible to use both natural and liquefied fuels.

The electronic ignition system runs on batteries.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 10 l/min;
  • power - 17.40 kW;
  • pressure - 0.15-12 atm.;
  • dimensions - 400x850x370 mm;
  • weight - 10 kg.

pros

  • low price;
  • simple installation;
  • low pressure operation;
  • high-quality assembly.

Minuses

  • clicking sound when igniting;
  • no automatic temperature control.

BAXI SIG-2 14i

Practical and reliable design from an Italian manufacturer . Equipped with copper

heat exchanger, due to which the water is instantly heated.

Safe to use thanks to gas control and temperature limiter.

Almost instantly heats water to 60 degrees Celsius.

The efficiency of water heating is due to the thermal power of 23.70 kW.

The column is enough to provide hot water supply to 2-3 points, since 13.6 liters of water are supplied per minute.

The water power flow adjustment is controlled by a mechanical switch. The equipment operates at a system pressure of 0.20 atmospheres.

Characteristics:

  • productivity - 13.6 l/min;
  • power - 23.70 kW;
  • pressure - 0.20-10 atm.;
  • dimensions - 363x650x245 mm;
  • weight - 12.6 kg.

pros

  • works with low water pressure;
  • practically no noise;
  • the water temperature is maintained.

Minuses

  • metal crackling when turned on.

Which is better - storage or instantaneous water heater?

A storage water heater is a boiler that has a built-in heating element and a thermos tank that holds warm water. In the flow-through version, there is no such container; it becomes warm during the operation of the column.

Here is a table comparing the two types of models:

TypeprosMinuses
Flow-throughLow pricesNot the best option for large houses and apartments
Light weightWhen used simultaneously in different rooms, the water temperature may drop.
Easy installationDoesn't work well with three or more water distribution points
Easy maintenance
A wide range of
CumulativeUnpretentiousness to gas pressureWhen the water runs out, the force of the stream becomes less
Low voltage requirementsHigh price
Efficient operation even with minimal tap pressureMaintenance requirements
No need to wait for water to heat upHeavy weight

Thus, in small families it is quite possible to use an instantaneous water heater, and in a spacious house it is no longer possible to do without storage equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages of geysers

The advantages of a gas water heater include::

  • provision of unlimited hot water;
  • large selection of equipment at budget prices;
  • undemanding water pressure for most devices;
  • compact dimensions allow you to install the equipment in a small apartment;
  • possibility of repair if parts break;
  • significant savings, since gas costs less than electricity.

There are fewer disadvantages of a gas water heater:

  • for the safe operation of the equipment, it is necessary to ensure the supply of fresh air and the organization of exhaust gas removal;
  • the need for regular maintenance;
  • costs of design documentation for installing a column.

Let's sum it up

The cost of gas water heaters is approximately the same as electric models of similar level and build quality. Yes, when installing them you will have to focus on serious requirements, including the presence of not only ventilation, but also a chimney. However, in the future, gas equipment will not only provide you with hot water all year round, but will also help you save on heating it. As for the cost of the column, it all depends on its performance, thermal power, as well as other characteristics of the equipment. Budget models are offered for 5000, premium ones - from 50 thousand.

Operating principle of a geyser

Modern speakers have been improved, so the principle of operation is much simpler than that of outdated models. To start, you need to open the mixer tap.

Immediately after this:

  • water enters the unit, opening the valve for gas supply;
  • the flame ignites automatically;
  • hot water is directed to the mixer;
  • the waste product is discharged through a chimney or coaxial pipe;
  • after closing the tap, the supply of water and fuel stops.
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